Protein Information

Name beta glucuronidase
Synonyms Beta glucuronidase; Beta G1; Beta glucuronidase precursor; GUSB; MPS 7; MPS7; Beta G1s; Beta glucuronidase precursors

Compound Information

Name gibberellic acid
CAS (1α,2β,4aα,4bβ,10β)-2,4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-1,10-dicarboxylic acid 1,4a-lactone

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16652220 Sudan C, Prakash S, Bhomkar P, Jain S, Bhalla-Sarin N: Ubiquitous presence of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in plants and its regulation in some model plants. Planta. 2006 Sep;224(4):853-64. Epub 2006 Apr 28.

The level of GUS activity increased 2.58 folds in leaf tissues of N. tabacum when cultured in MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, while gibberellic acid enhanced GUS activity 2.9 folds in the inter-nodal regions of rice in 12-h treatment.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1463824 Cejudo FJ, Ghose TK, Stabel P, Baulcombe DC: Analysis of the gibberellin-responsive promoter of a cathepsin B-like gene from wheat. Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Dec;20(5):849-56.

A wheat gene (A121) encoding a protein with sequence similarity to mammalian cathepsin B is regulated by gibberellic acid (GA) in aleurone layers of germinating grains.
To analyse the mechanism of A121 regulation, its promoter was fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) and introduced by micro-projectile bombardment into aleurone layers of oat.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12559569 Trindade LM, Horvath B, Bachem C, Jacobsen E, Visser RG: Isolation and functional characterization of a stolon specific promoter from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Gene. 2003 Jan 16;303:77-87.

The gene corresponding to this TDF, named Stgan, is likely to be involved in biosynthesis or breakdown of compounds affecting gibberellic acid (GA) levels in the plant [Plant J. 25 (6) (2001) 595].
The promoter region of this gene was fused to a reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and introduced in potato plants.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8177211 Taylor BH, Scheuring CF: A molecular marker for lateral root initiation: the RSI-1 gene of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is activated in early lateral root primordia. Mol Gen Genet. 1994 Apr;243(2):148-57.

The putative mature protein exhibits 79% amino acid identity to a protein encoded by a gene (GAST1) that is induced by gibberellic acid in tomato shoots.
Approximately 1 kb of the 5' flanking DNA was linked to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) protein coding region and tested for expression in transgenic tomato seedlings.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14551734 Jayashree R, Rekha K, Venkatachalam P, Uratsu SL, Dandekar AM, Kumari Jayasree P, Kala RG, Priya P, Sushma Kumari S, Sobha S, Ashokan MP, Sethuraj MR, Thulaseedharan A: Genetic transformation and regeneration of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Plant Cell Rep. 2003 Oct;22(3):201-9. Epub 2003 Jul 9.

Mature embryos were germinated and developed into plantlets on MS4 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l (-1) gibberellic acid, 0.2 mg l (-1) kinetin (KIN) and 0.1 mg l (-1) indole-3-acetic acid.
The beta-glucuronidase gene (uidA) was used for screening and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptII) was used for selection of the transformed calli.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20061304 Kato M, Nagasaki-Takeuchi N, Ide Y, Maeshima M: An arabidopsis hydrophilic Ca2 (+) -binding protein with a PEVK-rich domain, PCaP2, is associated with the plasma membrane and interacts with calmodulin and phosphatidylinositol phosphates. Plant Cell Physiol. 2010 Mar;51(3):366-79. Epub 2010 Jan 7.

Histochemical analysis of promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions demonstrated its extensive expression in root hairs.
Treatment of seedlings with K (+), Mn (2+), Zn (2+), Na (+), ABA and gibberellic acid, and cold and drought stresses enhanced the transcription.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16359389 Liu PP, Koizuka N, Martin RC, Nonogaki H: The BME3 (Blue Micropylar End 3) GATA zinc finger transcription factor is a positive regulator of Arabidopsis seed germination. Plant J. 2005 Dec;44(6):960-71.

Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) rescued impaired germination of knockout seeds without cold stratification, indicating that the normal GA signal transduction pathway is present in the knockout mutants.
Characterization of an enhancer-trap population identified multiple lines that exhibited beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in the micropylar end of the seed (named Blue Micropylar End, BME lines).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7821431 Sakamoto A, Okumura T, Kaminaka H, Sumi K, Tanaka K: Structure and differential response to abscisic acid of two promoters for the cytosolic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase genes, SodCc1 and SodCc2, in rice protoplasts. FEBS Lett. 1995 Jan 16;358(1):62-6.


Utilizing transient beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assays, functional promoter-GUS analysis was performed in rice protoplasts exposed to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) or the antioxidant sulfhydryl reagent, dithiothreitol (DTT).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17803642 Shan DP, Huang JG, Yang YT, Guo YH, Wu CA, Yang GD, Gao Z, Zheng CC: Cotton GhDREB1 increases plant tolerance to low temperature and is negatively regulated by gibberellic acid. New Phytol. 2007;176(1):70-81.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal intensity or beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity driven by the GhDREB1 promoter was clearly enhanced by low temperature but repressed by GA (3).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8790289 Klotz KL, Lagrimini LM: Phytohormone control of the tobacco anionic peroxidase promoter. Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Jun;31(3):565-73.

Three kb of the peroxidase promoter was joined to the coding region of the Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase gene (GUS), and transiently expressed in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts in the presence or absence of plant growth regulators.
Benzyladenine, ethylene, and gibberellic acid did not affect peroxidase gene expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17264065 Ide Y, Nagasaki N, Tomioka R, Suito M, Kamiya T, Maeshima M: Molecular properties of a novel, hydrophilic cation-binding protein associated with the plasma membrane. J Exp Bot. 2007;58(5):1173-83. Epub 2007 Jan 29.

Real-time polymerase chain reaction and histochemical analysis of promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions revealed that PCaP1 was expressed in most organs.
On the other hand, other sugars, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, dehydration, and low temperature had little or no effect on PCaP1 transcript abundance.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18179780 Liu PF, Chang WC, Wang YK, Chang HY, Pan RL: Signaling pathways mediating the suppression of Arabidopsis thaliana Ku gene expression by abscisic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Mar;1779(3):164-74. Epub 2007 Dec 15.

First, beta-Glucuronidase assay and real time quantitative PCR analysis results indicate that ABA represses the AtKu gene in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
Finally, no cross-talk in modulating AtKu gene expression existed between ABA and antagonist hormones (auxins and gibberellic acid).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17179980 Wu AM, Lv SY, Liu JY: Functional analysis of a cotton glucuronosyltransferase promoter in transgenic tobaccos. Cell Res. 2007 Feb;17(2):174-83.

The 5' fragment (1 647 bp) of the cotton glucuronosyltransferase gene (GhGlcAT1) was transcriptionally fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, and functionally analyzed for important regulatory regions controlling gene expression in transgenic tobacco plants.
Exposure of the transgenic tobacco to various abiotic stresses showed that the promoter was mainly responsive to the sugars (glucose and sucrose) as well as gibberellic acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16667742 Weiss D, van Tunen AJ, Halevy AH, Mol JN, Gerats AG: Stamens and Gibberellic Acid in the Regulation of Flavonoid Gene Expression in the Corolla of Petunia hybrida. Plant Physiol. 1990 Oct;94(2):511-515.

In corollas from a transgenic plant containing a beta-glucuronidase gene driven by a CHI promoter, a sixfold increase of beta-glucuronidase activity was measured following GA (3) application.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17284469 Roxrud I, Lid SE, Fletcher JC, Schmidt ED, Opsahl-Sorteberg HG: GASA4, one of the 14-member Arabidopsis GASA family of small polypeptides, regulates flowering and seed development. Plant Cell Physiol. 2007 Mar;48(3):471-83. Epub 2007 Feb 6.

Members of the plant-specific gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family play roles in hormone response, defense and development.
Analysis of promoter::GUS (beta-glucuronidase) transgenic plants representing six different GASA loci reveals that the promoters are activated in a variety of stage- and tissue-specific patterns during development, indicating that the GASA genes are involved in diverse processes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9035389 Kaldenhoff R, Kolling A, Richter G: Regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporin gene AthH2 (PIP1b). J Photochem Photobiol B. 1996 Dec;36(3):351-4.

Arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with constructs composed of the aquaporin AthH2 promoter and the coding sequence of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) as reporter gene.
The same was true for the application of gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16352697 Jan A, Nakamura H, Handa H, Ichikawa H, Matsumoto H, Komatsu S: Gibberellin regulates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 2006 Feb;47(2):244-53. Epub 2005 Dec 13.


The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, driven by a 2,067 bp OsPDK1 promoter region fragment, was mainly expressed in the aleurone layer of germinating seed and leaf sheath.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1477556 Gubler F, Jacobsen JV: Gibberellin-responsive elements in the promoter of a barley high-pI alpha-amylase gene. Plant Cell. 1992 Nov;4(11):1435-41.

Deletion analysis has previously shown that the major gibberellic acid (GA)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements in the promoter of a high-pI alpha-amylase gene of barley are located downstream of -174 (Jacobsen and Close, 1991).
We have used transient expression assays in barley aleurone protoplasts to identify sequences between -174 and +53 that confer GA and ABA responsiveness on expression of a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12789431 Choi YE, Jeong JH, In JK, Yang DC: Production of herbicide-resistant transgenic Panax ginseng through the introduction of the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene and successful soil transfer. Plant Cell Rep. 2003 Feb;21(6):563-8. Epub 2002 Nov 22.

This pre-treatment process markedly enhanced the transient expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene.
Upon development into the cotyledonary stage, these somatic embryos were transferred to a medium containing 50 mg/l kanamycin and 5 mg/l gibberellic acid to induce germination and strong selection.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17145720 Ide Y, Tomioka R, Ouchi Y, Kamiya T, Maeshima M: Transcriptional Induction of Two Genes for CCaPs, Novel Cytosolic Proteins, in Arabidopsis thaliana in the Dark. Plant Cell Physiol. 2007 Jan;48(1):54-65. Epub 2006 Dec 3.

Gibberellic acid enhanced the expression of CCaP1 and CCaP2 by 5- and 2.5-fold, respectively, after 6 h.
Real-time PCR and histochemical analysis of promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions revealed that CCaP1 was predominantly expressed in petioles while CCaP2 was expressed in roots.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12825699 Proels RK, Hause B, Berger S, Roitsch T: Novel mode of hormone induction of tandem tomato invertase genes in floral tissues. Plant Mol Biol. 2003 May;52(1):191-201.

Transient expression analysis of Lin5 promoter sequences fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene (uidA) demonstrates a specific expression of Lin5 during tomato fruit development.
A specific up-regulation of GUS activity conferred by this Lin5 promoter fragment in response to gibberellic acid (GA), auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment was observed, indicating a critical role of the regulation of Lin5 by phytohormones in tomato flower and fruit development.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12956533 Thurau T, Kifle S, Jung C, Cai D: The promoter of the nematode resistance gene Hs1pro-1 activates a nematode-responsive and feeding site-specific gene expression in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol. 2003 Jun;52(3):643-60.

Treatments of plants with external stimuli including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid as well as wounding or salt stress did not result in changes in the gene transcription, indicating de novo transcription of Hs1pro-1 upon nematode infection specifically.
To study transcriptional regulation of Hs1pro-1 expression at the cellular level, a 3082 bp genomic fragment representing the Hs1pro-1 promoter, isolated from the YAC-DNA housing the Hs1pro-1 gene, was fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (1832prm1::GUS) and transformed into susceptible beet roots and Arabidopsis plants, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details