Protein Information

Name aldehyde oxidase
Synonyms AO; AOH 1; AOH1; AOX 1; AOX1; Aldehyde Oxidase; Aldehyde oxidase 1; Aldeyde oxidase…

Compound Information

Name imidacloprid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20159407 Yeh IJ, Lin TJ, Hwang DY: Acute multiple organ failure with imidacloprid and alcohol ingestion. Am J Emerg Med. 2010 Feb;28(2):255.e1-3.

The role of aldehyde oxidase, imidacloprid metabolites, and ethanol alcohol consumption in the pathogenesis of imidacloprid toxicity needs further study.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
18001059 Dick RA, Kanne DB, Casida JE: Nitroso-imidacloprid irreversibly inhibits rabbit aldehyde oxidase. . Chem Res Toxicol. 2007 Dec;20(12):1942-6. Epub 2007 Nov 15.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
16411654 Dick RA, Kanne DB, Casida JE: Substrate specificity of rabbit aldehyde oxidase for nitroguanidine and nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticides. Chem Res Toxicol. 2006 Jan;19(1):38-43.

Aldehyde oxidase (AOX) was recently identified as the imidacloprid nitroreductase of mammalian liver, producing both nitrosoguanidine and aminoguanidine metabolites.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
15720138 Dick RA, Kanne DB, Casida JE: Identification of aldehyde oxidase as the neonicotinoid nitroreductase. Chem Res Toxicol. 2005 Feb;18(2):317-23.

Imidacloprid (IMI), the prototypical neonicotinoid insecticide, is used worldwide for crop protection and flea control on pets.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16153789 Honda H, Tomizawa M, Casida JE: Neo-nicotinoid metabolic activation and inactivation established with coupled nicotinic receptor-CYP3A4 and -aldehyde oxidase systems. Toxicol Lett. 2006 Feb 20;161(2):108-14. Epub 2005 Sep 8.

For receptor assay, either the Drosophila nAChR and [(3) H] imidacloprid or the alpha4 beta2 nicotinic receptor and [(3) H](-)-nicotine are added to determine changes in neo-nicotinoid potency.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19391582 Shi X, Dick RA, Ford KA, Casida JE: Enzymes and inhibitors in neonicotinoid insecticide metabolism. . J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jun 10;57(11):4861-6.

Neonicotinoid insecticide metabolism involves considerable substrate specificity and regioselectivity of the relevant CYP450, aldehyde oxidase, and phase II enzymes.
Imidacloprid (IMI), CLO, and several of their metabolites do not give detectable N-glucuronides but 5-hydroxy-IMI, 4,5-diol-IMI, and 4-hydroxythiacloprid are converted to O-glucuronides in vitro with mouse liver microsomes and UDP-glucuronic acid or in vivo in mice.
2(0,0,0,2) Details