Protein Information

Name peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
Synonyms NR1C1; PPAR; PPAR alpha; PPARA; PPARalpha; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; hPPAR…

Compound Information

Name TCA
CAS 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15363585 Laughter AR, Dunn CS, Swanson CL, Howroyd P, Cattley RC, Corton JC: Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in responses to trichloroethylene and metabolites, trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate in mouse liver. Toxicology. 2004 Oct 15;203(1-3):83-98.

9(0,0,0,9) Details
15067378 Shimamoto Y, Hirota K, Fukamizu A: Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha on human angiotensinogen promoter. Int J Mol Med. 2004 May;13(5):729-33.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
18821149 Corton JC: Evaluation of the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in mouse liver tumor induction by trichloroethylene and metabolites. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2008;38(10):857-75.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
18469201 Satapati S, He T, Inagaki T, Potthoff M, Merritt ME, Esser V, Mangelsdorf DJ, Kliewer SA, Browning JD, Burgess SC: Partial resistance to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonists in ZDF rats is associated with defective hepatic mitochondrial metabolism. Diabetes. 2008 Aug;57(8):2012-21. Epub 2008 May 9.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
15033542 Walgren JL, Jollow DJ, McMillan JM: Induction of peroxisome proliferation in cultured hepatocytes by a series of halogenated acetates. Toxicology. 2004 May 3;197(3):189-97.


Induction of peroxisome proliferation via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) has been proposed as a mechanism for their hepatocarcinogenic action.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19968882 Roberts LD, Hassall DG, Winegar DA, Haselden JN, Nicholls AW, Griffin JL: Increased hepatic oxidative metabolism distinguishes the action of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta from Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the ob/ob mouse. Genome Med. 2009 Dec 7;1(12):115.


BACKGROUND: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19542201 Bugger H, Chen D, Riehle C, Soto J, Theobald HA, Hu XX, Ganesan B, Weimer BC, Abel ED: Tissue-specific remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome in type 1 diabetic akita mice. Diabetes. 2009 Sep;58(9):1986-97. Epub 2009 Jun 19.


In contrast, state 3 respirations, ATP synthesis, and mitochondrial cristae density were decreased in cardiac mitochondria and were accompanied by coordinate repression of OXPHOS and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha transcripts.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18059612 Muoio DM, Koves TR: Skeletal muscle adaptation to fatty acid depends on coordinated actions of the PPARs and PGC1 alpha: implications for metabolic disease. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Oct;32(5):874-83.


Emerging evidence suggests that normal physiological adaptations to a heavy lipid load depend on the coordinated actions of broad transcriptional regulators such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19458390 Ohta T, Masutomi N, Tsutsui N, Sakairi T, Mitchell M, Milburn MV, Ryals JA, Beebe KD, Guo L: Untargeted metabolomic profiling as an evaluative tool of fenofibrate-induced toxicology in Fischer 344 male rats. Toxicol Pathol. 2009;37(4):521-35.


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists such as fenofibrate are used to treat dyslipidemia.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18565563 Ramdhan DH, Kamijima M, Yamada N, Ito Y, Yanagiba Y, Nakamura D, Okamura A, Ichihara G, Aoyama T, Gonzalez FJ, Nakajima T: Molecular mechanism of trichloroethylene-induced hepatotoxicity mediated by CYP2E1. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 15;231(3):300-7. Epub 2008 May 2.


TRI significantly upregulated PPARalpha, which might function to inhibit NFkappaB p50 and p65 signalling.
1(0,0,0,1) Details