Protein Information

Name Fas Ligand
Synonyms APT1LG1; FAS; APTL; Apoptosis (APO 1) antigen ligand 1; Apoptosis antigen ligand; Apoptosis antigen ligand 1; CD178; CD178 antigen…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16595663 Castellano R, Vire B, Pion M, Quivy V, Olive D, Hirsch I, Van Lint C, Collette Y: Active transcription of the human FASL/CD95L/TNFSF6 promoter region in T lymphocytes involves chromatin remodeling: role of DNA methylation and protein acetylation suggest distinct mechanisms of transcriptional repression. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 26;281(21):14719-28. Epub 2006 Apr 4.

HSS1 chromatin remodeling preceded detectable TNFSF6 mRNA accumulation and was blocked by cycloheximide that also prevented TNFSF6 transcription.
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19960225 Vinken M, Decrock E, De Vuyst E, De Bock M, Vandenbroucke RE, De Geest BG, Demeester J, Sanders NN, Vanhaecke T, Leybaert L, Rogiers V: Connexin32 hemichannels contribute to the apoptotic-to-necrotic transition during Fas-mediated hepatocyte cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010 Mar;67(6):907-18. Epub 2009 Dec 4.

Primary hepatocyte cultures were exposed to Fas ligand and cycloheximide, and modifications in connexin32 expression and localization, and gap junction functionality were studied.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19453217 Vinken M, Decrock E, De Vuyst E, Leybaert L, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V: Biochemical characterisation of an in vitro model of hepatocellular apoptotic cell death. Altern Lab Anim. 2009 Apr;37(2):209-18.

This study was set up to critically evaluate a commonly-used in vitro model of hepatocellular apoptotic cell death, in which freshly isolated hepatocytes, cultured in a monolayer configuration, are exposed to a combination of Fas ligand and cycloheximide for six hours.
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15748153 Steinbach JP, Wolburg H, Klumpp A, Weller M: Hypoxia sensitizes human malignant glioma cells towards CD95L-induced cell death. J Neurochem. 2005 Mar;92(6):1340-9.

Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide also reduced glucose consumption and conferred protection from hypoxia, but did not modulate CD95L-induced cell death under hypoxic conditions.
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19671668 Huang SK, White ES, Wettlaufer SH, Grifka H, Hogaboam CM, Thannickal VJ, Horowitz JC, Peters-Golden M: Prostaglandin E (2) induces fibroblast apoptosis by modulating multiple survival pathways. FASEB J. 2009 Dec;23(12):4317-26. Epub 2009 Aug 11.

PGE (2) also potentiated apoptosis elicited by Fas ligand plus cycloheximide.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15802531 Baumann S, Dostert A, Novac N, Bauer A, Schmid W, Fas SC, Krueger A, Heinzel T, Kirchhoff S, Schutz G, Krammer PH: Glucocorticoids inhibit activation-induced cell death (AICD) via direct DNA-dependent repression of the CD95 ligand gene by a glucocorticoid receptor dimer. Blood. 2005 Jul 15;106(2):617-25. Epub 2005 Mar 31.

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18252892 McKenzie MD, Carrington EM, Kaufmann T, Strasser A, Huang DC, Kay TW, Allison J, Thomas HE: Proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bid is essential for death receptor-induced apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes. 2008 May;57(5):1284-92. Epub 2008 Feb 5.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We isolated islets from mice lacking Bid, Bax, or Bak and those overexpressing Bcl-2 and exposed them to Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and proinflammatory cytokines or cytotoxic stimuli that activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (staurosporine, etoposide, gamma-radiation, tunicamycin, and thapsigargin).
Bid-deficient islets were also resistant to apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha plus cycloheximide and were partially resistant to proinflammatory cytokine-induced death.
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15611255 Cousens LP, Goulette FA, Darnowski JW: JAK-mediated signaling inhibits Fas ligand-induced apoptosis independent of de novo protein synthesis. J Immunol. 2005 Jan 1;174(1):320-7.

Surprisingly, these antiapoptotic effects of IFN-alpha-2a were independent of de novo protein synthesis, because they occurred in both the absence and the presence of cycloheximide.
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15749881 Monari C, Pericolini E, Bistoni G, Casadevall A, Kozel TR, Vecchiarelli A: Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan induces expression of fas ligand in macrophages. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 15;174(6):3461-8.

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15809706 Chaturvedi R, Srivastava RK, Hisatsune A, Shankar S, Lillehoj EP, Kim KC: Augmentation of Fas ligand-induced apoptosis by MUC1 mucin. . Int J Oncol. 2005 May;26(5):1169-76.

Our results showed that (i) treatment with FasL increased caspase-8 activity (maximum at 4 h) and apoptosis (maximum at 8 h) in both MUC1 (+) and MUC1 (-) cells, (ii) FasL-induced caspase-8 activity and apoptosis were significantly greater in MUC1 (+) cells compared with MUC1 (-) cells, (iii) FasL treatment increased cell surface expression of Fas receptor in MUC1 (+) cells to a greater extent compared with MUC1 (-) cells, (iv) increased cell surface expression of Fas in MUC1 (+) cells was not blocked by an inhibitor of protein synthesis (cycloheximide), but was completely abrogated by brefeldin A, an inhibitor of post-translational protein trafficking to the cell surface, and (v) brefeldin A inhibited the increased sensitivity of MUC1 (+) cells to FasL-induced apoptosis.
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15653751 Bosque A, Pardo J, Martinez-Lorenzo MJ, Iturralde M, Marzo I, Pineiro A, Alava MA, Naval J, Anel A: Down-regulation of normal human T cell blast activation: roles of APO2L/TRAIL, FasL, and c- FLIP, Bim, or Bcl-x isoform expression. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Apr;77(4):568-78. Epub 2005 Jan 14.

A systematic study was undertaken to characterize the role of APO 2 ligand/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (APO2L/TRAIL) and Fas ligand (FasL) together with the expression of several anti- or proapoptotic proteins in the down-regulation of normal human T cell responses.
Cell death was only observed in the presence of cycloheximide or after a pulse through CD3 or CD59, correlating with a net reduction in cellular Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein long (c-FLIPL) and c-FLIPS expression.
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17545621 Ivanov VN, Zhou H, Hei TK: Sequential treatment by ionizing radiation and sodium arsenite dramatically accelerates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of human melanoma cells. Cancer Res. 2007 Jun 1;67(11):5397-407.


We show in the present study that gamma-irradiation, as well as alpha-particle exposure, dramatically increases the susceptibility of melanoma cells to recombinant tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis via up-regulation of surface TRAIL-receptor 1/receptor 2 (DR4/DR5) levels and to Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis via up-regulation of surface Fas levels.
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16546965 Lane D, Cote M, Grondin R, Couture MC, Piche A: Acquired resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells is conferred by increased turnover of mature caspase-3. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Mar;5(3):509-21.

The selected resistant cells were cross-resistant to Fas ligand but remained sensitive to drug-induced apoptosis.
Pretreatment with cycloheximide showed that active caspase-3 fragments have a high turnover rate in OVCAR3 R350 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19112105 Kadohara K, Nagumo M, Asami S, Tsukumo Y, Sugimoto H, Igarashi M, Nagai K, Kataoka T: Caspase-8 mediates mitochondrial release of pro-apoptotic proteins in a manner independent of its proteolytic activity in apoptosis induced by the protein synthesis inhibitor acetoxycycloheximide in human leukemia Jurkat cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 27;284(9):5478-87. Epub 2008 Dec 26.


In contrast to Fas ligand stimulation, the general caspase inhibitor barely prevented the mitochondrial release of these pro-apoptotic proteins in Ac-CHX-treated cells, suggesting that caspase-8 activity is dispensable for triggering the mitochondrial pathway in Ac-CHX-induced apoptosis.
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16136269 Danforth DN, Zhu Y: Conversion of Fas-resistant to Fas-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells by the synergistic interaction of interferon-gamma and all-trans retinoic acid. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Nov;94(1):81-91.

The membrane receptor Fas (Apo-1/CD95) is an important initiator of programmed cell death induced by anti-Fas antibody or Fas ligand.
FasR-induced cells were resistant to stimulation of apoptosis by anti-FasR antibody, however treatment with cycloheximide rendered these cells sensitive to antibody-induced apoptosis, suggesting endogenous blockade to signaling.
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15863130 Hougardy BM, van der Zee AG, van den Heuvel FA, Timmer T, de Vries EG, de Jong S: Sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis in high-risk HPV-positive human cervical cancer cells: relationship with Fas, caspase-8, and Bid. Gynecol Oncol. 2005 May;97(2):353-64.


OBJECTIVE: Binding of Fas ligand or agonistic anti-Fas antibody to the death receptor Fas can activate a caspase-cascade resulting in apoptosis.
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17523868 Morton ER, Blaho JA: Herpes simplex virus blocks Fas-mediated apoptosis independent of viral activation of NF-kappaB in human epithelial HEp-2 cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2007 May;27(5):365-76.


We found the following: (1) Treatment of HEp-2 cells with anti-Fas antibody or Fas ligand (FasL) alone did not induce apoptosis. (2) In addition, these inducers did not activate NF-kappaB in these cells. (3) The addition of cycloheximide (CHX) during these treatments caused a dramatic increase in programmed cell death. (4) HEp-2 cells infected with HSV for 6 h prior to anti-Fas plus CHX treatment were nonapoptotic, and (5) these cells possessed nuclear NFkappaB. (6) HSV blocked anti-Fas or FasL plus CHX-induced apoptosis in HEp-2 cells that stably expressed a dominant-negative form of IkappaBalpha.
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