Protein Information

Name Toll like receptor 4
Synonyms CD284; CD284 antigen; TLR 4; TLR4; TOLL; Toll like receptor 4; Toll like receptor 4 precursor; hToll…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15563689 Zhou X, Gao XP, Fan J, Liu Q, Anwar KN, Frey RS, Malik AB: LPS activation of Toll-like receptor 4 signals CD11b/CD18 expression in neutrophils. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005 Apr;288(4):L655-62. Epub 2004 Nov 24.

TLR4-activated CD11b expression was cycloheximide sensitive and involved the activation of transcription factors, NF-kappaB and c-Jun/PU.1.
86(1,1,1,6) Details
17304101 Pearl-Yafe M, Fabian I, Halperin D, Flatau E, Werber S, Shalit I: Interferon-gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide act synergistically on human neutrophils enhancing interleukin-8, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-12 p70 secretion and phagocytosis via upregulation of toll-like receptor 4. Shock. 2007 Mar;27(3):226-31.

Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and measuring the expression of CD35 in neutrophils stimulated with IFN-gamma and LPS alone or in combination, we could demonstrate that IFN-gamma enhances TLR4 by de novo protein synthesis, whereas the addition of LPS acts synergistically by enhancing vesicular mobilization to the cell surface.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
18422969 Necela BM, Su W, Thompson EA: Toll-like receptor 4 mediates cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and nuclear factor-kappaB in macrophages. Immunology. 2008 Nov;125(3):344-58. Epub 2008 Apr 18.

Inhibition of PPARgamma expression was not blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that de novo protein synthesis is not required for LPS-mediated suppression of PPARgamma.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18854426 Gu JQ, Ikuyama S, Wei P, Fan B, Oyama J, Inoguchi T, Nishimura J: Pycnogenol, an extract from French maritime pine, suppresses Toll-like receptor 4-mediated expression of adipose differentiation-related protein in macrophages. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Dec;295(6):E1390-400. Epub 2008 Oct 14.

Actinomycin D almost completely abolished the LPS effect, whereas cycloheximide decreased the expression at 12 h, indicating that the LPS-induced ADRP expression was stimulated at the transcriptional level and was also mediated by new protein synthesis.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
16690986 Lee KY, Ho SC, Lin HC, Lin SM, Liu CY, Huang CD, Wang CH, Chung KF, Kuo HP: Neutrophil-derived elastase induces TGF-beta1 secretion in human airway smooth muscle via NF-kappaB pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2006 Oct;35(4):407-14. Epub 2006 May 11.

This induction was inhibited by actinomycin D (5 mM), cycloheximide (5 mM), and NF-kappaB inhibitors, including pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 1 mM), aspirin (2.5 mM), and sodium salyicylate (2.5 mM).
Association of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) with MyD88 was studied by co-immunoprecipitation and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) determined by FACS scan and Western blotting.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16464966 Balzary RW, Cocks TM: Lipopolysaccharide induces epithelium- and prostaglandin E (2)-dependent relaxation of mouse isolated trachea through activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006 May;317(2):806-12. Epub 2006 Feb 7.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist, causes airway hyperreactivity through nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB).
The LPS antagonist polymixin B; the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin; the selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole (SC560) and 4-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzenesulfonam ide (SC236), respectively; the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D; the translation inhibitor cycloheximide; the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-imadazole (SB203580); and a combination of the mixed DP/EP1/EP2 receptor antagonist 6-isopropoxy-9-xanthone-2-carboxylic acid (AH6809) and the EP4 receptor antagonist 4'-[3-butyl-5-oxo-1-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-1-5-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazol- 4-ylmethyl]-biphenyl-2-sulfonic acid (3-methyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl)-amide (L-161982) all abolished relaxation to LPS, giving instead slowly developing, small contractions over 60 min.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16166516 Covert MW, Leung TH, Gaston JE, Baltimore D: Achieving stability of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation. Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1854-7.


LPS binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) causes activation of NF-kappaB that requires two downstream pathways, each of which when isolated exhibits damped oscillatory behavior.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16790802 Bennouna S, Sukhumavasi W, Denkers EY: Toxoplasma gondii inhibits toll-like receptor 4 ligand-induced mobilization of intracellular tumor necrosis factor alpha to the surface of mouse peritoneal neutrophils. Infect Immun. 2006 Jul;74(7):4274-81.

In contrast to intermediate inhibitory effects in nontreated neutrophils, T. gondii induced a complete blockade in LPS-induced surface TNF-alpha expression in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16236128 Ding A, Yu H, Yang J, Shi S, Ehrt S: Induction of macrophage-derived SLPI by Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on TLR2 but not MyD88. Immunology. 2005 Nov;116(3):381-9.

HK-Mtb-induced SLPI mRNA expression was sensitive neither to a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, nor to an actin polymerization blocker, cytochalasin D.
Macrophages from Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-/- or MyD88-/- mice responded to M. tuberculosis similarly to wild-type macrophages by exhibiting increased SLPI expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15749881 Monari C, Pericolini E, Bistoni G, Casadevall A, Kozel TR, Vecchiarelli A: Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan induces expression of fas ligand in macrophages. J Immunol. 2005 Mar 15;174(6):3461-8.


The results reported here show that 1) soluble purified GXM induces a prompt, long-lasting, and potent up-regulation of Fas ligand (FasL) on macrophages, 2) the up-regulation of FasL is related to induced synthesis and increased mobilization to the cellular surface, 3) this effect is largely mediated by interaction between GXM and TLR4, 4) FasL up-regulation occurs exclusively in GXM-loaded macrophages, 5) macrophages that show up-regulation of FasL induce apoptosis of activated T cells expressing Fas and Jurkat cells that constitutively express Fas, and 6) anti-Fas Abs rescue T cells from apoptosis induced by GXM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16237104 Mandal P, Novotny M, Hamilton TA: Lipopolysaccharide induces formyl peptide receptor 1 gene expression in macrophages and neutrophils via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. J Immunol. 2005 Nov 1;175(9):6085-91.

First, the response to LPS is partially blocked by the translational inhibitor cycloheximide.
Furthermore, supernatants from LPS-treated wild-type macrophages can stimulate FPR1 mRNA expression in LPS-insensitive macrophages from TLR4-mutant mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15626483 Fischer SF, Rehm M, Bauer A, Hofling F, Kirschnek S, Rutz M, Bauer S, Wagner H, Hacker G: Toll-like receptor 9 signaling can sensitize fibroblasts for apoptosis. Immunol Lett. 2005 Feb 15;97(1):115-22.


CpG-DNA-induced apoptosis was reduced by cycloheximide suggesting that de novo protein synthesis was required.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16525587 Zacharowski K, Sucker C, Zacharowski P, Hartmann M: Thrombelastography for the monitoring of lipopolysaccharide induced activation of coagulation. Thromb Haemost. 2006 Mar;95(3):557-61.


Experiments with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and active site-inhibited factor VIIa revealed that LPS exerts its effects via the synthesis of tissue factor.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
19439685 Hartmann M, Ozlugedik S, Peters J: Thiopental inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tissue factor expression. Anesth Analg. 2009 Jul;109(1):109-13. Epub 2009 May 13.


After recalcification, clotting time (CT) was determined by rotational thrombelastometry. (ii) The mechanism of the LPS-induced shortening of CT was investigated using the tissue factor blocker active-site inhibited factor VIIa and the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. (iii) A concentration response curve for the effect of tissue factor on CT was generated.
0(0,0,0,0) Details