Protein Information

Name FLIP
Synonyms CASH; CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator; CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator precursor; CASP8AP1; CFLAR; CLARP; Caspase homolog; Caspase like apoptosis regulatory protein…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15928597 Pajak B, Orzechowski A: [FLIP--an enemy which might lose the battle against the specific inhibitors of translation]. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2005;59:140-9.

In in vitro studies, such activity is exerted by cycloheximide or bisindolylmaleimide, either of which, at a low, non-toxic concentration, totally abrogates FLIP protein expression or, in turn, sensitizes cancer cells to death ligands.
38(0,1,1,8) Details
15924153 Jeon YK, Kim H, Park SO, Choi HY, Kim YA, Park SS, Kim JE, Kim YN, Kim CW: Resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis is restored by cycloheximide through the downregulation of cellular FLIPL in NK/T-cell lymphoma. Lab Invest. 2005 Jul;85(7):874-84.

Interestingly, cotreatment of Hank-1 with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, markedly sensitized cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis along with caspase 8 activation and c-FLIP (L) (cellular FLICE inhibitory protein long form) downregulation.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
15701649 Golks A, Brenner D, Fritsch C, Krammer PH, Lavrik IN: c-FLIPR, a new regulator of death receptor-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 15;280(15):14507-13. Epub 2005 Feb 8.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
19228791 Garcia S, Mera A, Gomez-Reino JJ, Conde C: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase suppression protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis. Rheumatology. 2009 May;48(5):483-9. Epub 2009 Feb 19.


Fas-associated via death domain (FADD), pro-caspase-8, Fas, c-Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1b-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (FLIP) expression, and AKT and GSK phosphorylation were analysed by western blot.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19372210 Li TW, Zhang Q, Oh P, Xia M, Chen H, Bemanian S, Lastra N, Circ M, Moyer MP, Mato JM, Aw TY, Lu SC: S-Adenosylmethionine and methylthioadenosine inhibit cellular FLICE inhibitory protein expression and induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;76(1):192-200. Epub 2009 Apr 16.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
15670574 Kadohara K, Tsukumo Y, Sugimoto H, Igarashi M, Nagai K, Kataoka T: Acetoxycycloheximide (E-73) rapidly induces apoptosis mediated by the release of cytochrome c via activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Feb 15;69(4):551-60. Epub 2004 Dec 28.

Cycloheximide (CHX) is an inhibitor of protein synthesis and commonly used to modulate death receptor-mediated apoptosis or to induce apoptosis in a number of normal and transformed cells.
In Jurkat T cells transfected with the caspase-8 modulator FLIP (L), E-73 still induced activation of procaspase-3 and subsequent apoptosis, suggesting that the caspase-8 activity is dispensable for apoptosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18603835 Matsuda F, Inoue N, Goto Y, Maeda A, Cheng Y, Sakamaki K, Manabe N: cFLIP regulates death receptor-mediated apoptosis in an ovarian granulosa cell line by inhibiting procaspase-8 cleavage. J Reprod Dev. 2008 Oct;54(5):314-20. Epub 2008 Jul 7.


Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP), a homologue of procaspase-8 (also called FLICE), is an intracellular anti-apoptotic protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17118471 Marin-Vinader L, van Genesen ST, Lubsen NH: mRNA made during heat shock enters the first round of translation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Nov-Dec;1759(11-12):535-42. Epub 2006 Oct 24.


Using fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) we show that cytoplasmic EGFP-CBP20 is immobile in heat shocked cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18202809 Hofmanova J, Vaculova A, Hyzd'alova M, Kozubik A: Response of normal and colon cancer epithelial cells to TNF-family apoptotic inducers. Oncol Rep. 2008 Feb;19(2):567-73.

We studied apoptosis with regard to the changes at the receptor level (DR, DcR and FLIP) and at the level of mitochondria (Bid protein cleavage, Apo2.7 protein expression and caspase-9 activation).
Two different approaches were used to sensitize the cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis: inhibition of protein synthesis (cycloheximide, CHX) and inhibition of the pro-survival MEK/ERK pathway (U0126).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17453339 Guseva NV, Rokhlin OW, Taghiyev AF, Cohen MB: Unique resistance of breast carcinoma cell line T47D to TRAIL but not anti-Fas is linked to p43cFLIP (L). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Feb;107(3):349-57. Epub 2007 Apr 24.


It has been suggested that the presence of the cleaved form of FLIP (L)-p43 at the DISC prevents caspase-8 cleavage.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16888780 Wieckowski E, Atarashi Y, Stanson J, Sato TA, Whiteside TL: FAP-1-mediated activation of NF-kappaB induces resistance of head and neck cancer to Fas-induced apoptosis. J Cell Biochem. 2007 Jan 1;100(1):16-28.


In the presence of cycloheximide, the selected SCCHN sublines become susceptible to CH-11 Ab, and showed cleavage of caspase-8, suggesting that apoptosis resistance was mediated by an inhibitory protein (s) acting upstream of caspase-8.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16581346 Tamai M, Kawakami A, Tanaka F, Miyashita T, Nakamura H, Iwanaga N, Izumi Y, Arima K, Aratake K, Huang M, Kamachi M, Ida H, Origuchi T, Eguchi K: Significant inhibition of TRAIL-mediated fibroblast-like synovial cell apoptosis by IFN-gamma through JAK/STAT pathway by translational regulation. J Lab Clin Med. 2006 Apr;147(4):182-90.


Janus kinase (JAK)-induced phosphorylation of STAT1/3/6, which acts at translational regulation, seemed to be crucial because chemical inhibition of JAK as well as cycloheximide (CHX) abolished both the phosphorylation of STAT1/3/6 and the IFN-gamma-induced inhibitory effect.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16136269 Danforth DN, Zhu Y: Conversion of Fas-resistant to Fas-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells by the synergistic interaction of interferon-gamma and all-trans retinoic acid. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Nov;94(1):81-91.


FasR-induced cells were resistant to stimulation of apoptosis by anti-FasR antibody, however treatment with cycloheximide rendered these cells sensitive to antibody-induced apoptosis, suggesting endogenous blockade to signaling.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
19661440 Li JH, D'Alessio A, Pober JS: Lipopolysaccharide can trigger a cathepsin B-dependent programmed death response in human endothelial cells. Am J Pathol. 2009 Sep;175(3):1124-35. Epub 2009 Aug 6.


In the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, LPS primarily induces caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death of HUVECs, which is blocked by siRNA-mediated knockdown of myeloid differentiation factor 88 adaptor protein but not of Toll-like receptor-associated interferon-inducing factor.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16003319 Mori T, Doi R, Toyoda E, Koizumi M, Ito D, Kami K, Kida A, Masui T, Kawaguchi Y, Fujimoto K: Regulation of the resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis as a new strategy for pancreatic cancer. Surgery. 2005 Jul;138(1):71-7.

Cycloheximide reduced the expression of FLIP in the resistant cells.
164(2,2,2,4) Details
15653751 Bosque A, Pardo J, Martinez-Lorenzo MJ, Iturralde M, Marzo I, Pineiro A, Alava MA, Naval J, Anel A: Down-regulation of normal human T cell blast activation: roles of APO2L/TRAIL, FasL, and c- FLIP, Bim, or Bcl-x isoform expression. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Apr;77(4):568-78. Epub 2005 Jan 14.

Cell death was only observed in the presence of cycloheximide or after a pulse through CD3 or CD59, correlating with a net reduction in cellular Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein long (c-FLIPL) and c-FLIPS expression.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
17376892 Troeger A, Schmitz I, Siepermann M, Glouchkova L, Gerdemann U, Janka-Schaub GE, Schulze-Osthoff K, Dilloo D: Up-regulation of c-FLIPS+R upon CD40 stimulation is associated with inhibition of CD95-induced apoptosis in primary precursor B-ALL. Blood. 2007 Jul 1;110(1):384-7. Epub 2007 Mar 21.

Treatment with cycloheximide during CD40 activation prevents up-regulation of those c-FLIP isoforms and sensitizes ALL cells toward CD95-mediated apoptosis.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
18485876 Wang L, Du F, Wang X: TNF-alpha induces two distinct caspase-8 activation pathways. Cell. 2008 May 16;133(4):693-703.

Cycloheximide promotes caspase-8 activation by eliminating endogenous caspase-8 inhibitor, c-FLIP, while Smac mimetic does so by triggering autodegradation of cIAP1 and cIAP2 (cIAP1/2), leading to the release of receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK1) from the activated TNF receptor complex to form a caspase-8-activating complex consisting of RIPK1, FADD, and caspase-8.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
18289527 Ogura H, Tsukumo Y, Sugimoto H, Igarashi M, Nagai K, Kataoka T: Ectodomain shedding of TNF receptor 1 induced by protein synthesis inhibitors regulates TNF-alpha-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and caspase-8. Exp Cell Res. 2008 Apr 1;314(6):1406-14. Epub 2008 Feb 6.

It has been established that the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) sensitizes many types of cells to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced apoptosis, mainly due to its ability to block de novo synthesis of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP).
82(1,1,1,2) Details
16077198 Pajak B, Gajkowska B, Orzechowski A: Cycloheximide-mediated sensitization to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cell line COLO 205; role of FLIP and metabolic inhibitors. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;56 Suppl 3:101-18.
81(1,1,1,1) Details