Protein Information

Name Acetylcholinesterase
Synonyms ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17364237 Ahmed M, Rocha JB, Mazzanti CM, Morsch AL, Cargnelutti D, Correa M, Loro V, Morsch VM, Schetinger MR: Malathion, carbofuran and paraquat inhibit Bungarus sindanus (krait) venom acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase in vitro. Ecotoxicology. 2007 May;16(4):363-9. Epub 2007 Mar 16.
119(1,2,3,4) Details
17024560 Wijeyaratne WM, Pathiratne A: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and gill lesions in Rasbora caverii, an indigenous fish inhabiting rice field associated waterbodies in Sri Lanka. Ecotoxicology. 2006 Oct;15(7):609-19. Epub 2006 Oct 6.

Laboratory studies showed that prior exposure of R. caverii to Paraquat (2 microg l (-1), 7 days) enhanced the extent of inhibition of brain AChE activity induced by Fenthion (3 microg l (-1)) or a mixture of Fenthion (3 microg l (-1)) and Phenthoate (5 microg l (-1)).
85(1,1,1,5) Details
17654339 Alcaro S, Arcone R, Vecchio I, Ortuso F, Gallelli A, Pasceri R, Procopio A, Iannone M: Molecular modelling and enzymatic studies of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase recognition with paraquat and related compounds. SAR QSAR Environ Res. 2007 Jul-Sep;18(5-6):595-602.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
11281253 El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Elagamy EI: Influence of paraquat, glyphosate, and cadmium on the activity of some serum enzymes and protein electrophoretic behavior (in vitro). J Environ Sci Health B. 2001 Jan;36(1):29-42.

In vitro study for the determination of the toxicity of some pesticides (glyphospate and paraquat) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on the activities of serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), and acid phosphatase (AcP) is described.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
10740894 Hathway DE: Toxic action/toxicity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2000 Feb;75(1):95-127.

Covalent chemical reactions with second-order (SN2) kinetics characterize Hg and Cd poisonings, the reactions of organophosphates and phosphonates with acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase and the reaction sequence whereby Paraquat accepts electrons and generates superoxide under aerobic conditions.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
15922524 Hernandez AF, Lopez O, Rodrigo L, Gil F, Pena G, Serrano JL, Parron T, Alvarez JC, Lorente JA, Pla A: Changes in erythrocyte enzymes in humans long-term exposed to pesticides: influence of several markers of individual susceptibility. Toxicol Lett. 2005 Oct 15;159(1):13-21.

Changes in erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) have been reported after exposure to different pesticides, including organophosphates and paraquat.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was used as a reference biomarker.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18085124 Goel A, Aggarwal P: Pesticide poisoning. Natl Med J India. 2007 Jul-Aug;20(4):182-91.

Ingestion of paraquat causes severe inflammation of the throat, corrosive injury to the gastrointestinal tract, renal tubular necrosis, hepatic necrosis and pulmonary fibrosis.
Organophosphate compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase resulting in acute toxicity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10794404 Satoh T, Hosokawa M: Organophosphates and their impact on the global environment. Neurotoxicology. 2000 Feb-Apr;21(1-2):223-7.

The results of the forensic studies showed that methylphosphonic acid, the hydrolysis product of sarin, bound to AChE in the cerebellums of the victims was separated and identified using GCMS. (3) A sensitive and rapid biomarker of OP-poisoning.
This seems to be influenced by the decrease of the incidences of paraquat having extremely high toxicity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details