Protein Information

Name lactate dehydrogenase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms LDH; lactate dehydrogenase; lactate dehydrogenases

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10752666 Tsukamoto M, Tampo Y, Sawada M, Yonaha M: Paraquat-induced membrane dysfunction in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2000 Mar;86(3):102-9.

Membrane dysfunction monitored by lactate dehydrogenase release from cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells of pigs, which were exposed to paraquat at different concentrations (0.1-2 mM), was examined.
31(0,0,5,6) Details
11281253 El-Demerdash FM, Yousef MI, Elagamy EI: Influence of paraquat, glyphosate, and cadmium on the activity of some serum enzymes and protein electrophoretic behavior (in vitro). J Environ Sci Health B. 2001 Jan;36(1):29-42.

In vitro study for the determination of the toxicity of some pesticides (glyphospate and paraquat) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on the activities of serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AlP), and acid phosphatase (AcP) is described.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10985479 Karakashev P, Petrov L, Alexandrova A: Paraquat-induced lipid peroxidation and injury in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Neoplasma. 2000;47(2):122-4.

These changes in TBARS production in EAT cells correlated with paraquat toxicity on the cells registered by using the method for cell injury, which is based on changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
10498818 Noack H, Possel H, Rethfeldt C, Keilhoff G, Wolf G: Peroxynitrite mediated damage and lowered superoxide tolerance in primary cortical glial cultures after induction of the inducible isoform of NOS. Glia. 1999 Oct;28(1):13-24.

Elevated levels of superoxide, generated either intracellularly by paraquat or extracellularly via xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine, resulted dose-dependently in a larger decline of cell viability in the .NO forming cultures compared to controls (release of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, stainability by propidium iodide, and tetramethylrhodamine).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15239004 Miyatani R, Amao Y: Lactic acid production with lactate dehydrogenase using the visible light sensitization of zinc porphyrin. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2004 Jul;3(7):681-3. Epub 2004 May 20.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
16235737 Garcia-Rubio L, Matas P, Miguez MP: Protective effect of melatonin on paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 Sep;24(9):475-80.

Preincubation of hepatocytes with melatonin (0.5, 1 or 2 mM), 30 min prior to PQ (10 mM) addition, prevented in a dose-and time-dependent manner the loss of viability, the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, depletion of intracellular glutathione and malondialdehyde accumulation induced by the herbicide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15856184 Ghazi-Khansari M, Nasiri G, Honarjoo M: Decreasing the oxidant stress from paraquat in isolated perfused rat lung using captopril and niacin. Arch Toxicol. 2005 Jun;79(6):341-5. Epub 2005 Apr 23.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity significantly decreased in treatment groups as compared to the PQ group (p <0.0001).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18025050 Elmi A, Sadeghi Zh, Elmi S, Daraei B, Ghazi-Khansari M: Hepatoprotective role of captopril on paraquat induced hepatotoxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007 Oct;26(10):789-94.

Hepatoprotective effects of captopril were studied indicating glutathione level intensity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) formation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and cell viability every 70 min for 210 min.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15055535 Kim SJ, Kim JE, Moon IS: Paraquat induces apoptosis of cultured rat cortical cells. Mol Cells. 2004 Feb 29;17(1):102-7.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and propidium iodide (PI) staining showed that PQ was cytotoxic to cortical neurons with an IC50 on the third day after treatment of approximately 10 microM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15820443 Cho JH, Yang DK, Kim L, Ryu JS, Lee HL, Lim CM, Koh YS: Inhaled nitric oxide improves the survival of the paraquat-injured rats. Vascul Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;42(4):171-8.

Total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in serum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, serum malonaldehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) of lung were measured and lung histopathology were also reviewed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11264896 Tomita M, Okuyama T, Ishikawa T, Hidaka K, Nohno T: The role of nitric oxide in paraquat-induced cytotoxicity in the human A549 lung carcinoma cell line. Free Radic Res. 2001 Feb;34(2):193-202.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
15877960 Wang WH, Zhang H, Yu YL, Jiang JH, Xue C: [Correlation of plasma endothelin and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by acute paraquat poisoning]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2005 May;17(5):293-5.

0(0,0,0,0) Details