Protein Information

Name PINK1
Synonyms BRPK; PARK6; PARK 6; PINK 1; PINK1; PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PTEN induced putative kinase protein 1; PTEN induced putative kinase 1s…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19251702 Samann J, Hegermann J, von Gromoff E, Eimer S, Baumeister R, Schmidt E: Caenorhabditits elegans LRK-1 and PINK-1 act antagonistically in stress response and neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jun 12;284(24):16482-91. Epub 2009 Feb 27.

Here, we show that a mutation in the Caenorhabditits elegans homologue of the PTEN-induced kinase pink-1 gene resulted in reduced mitochondrial cristae length and increased paraquat sensitivity of the nematode.
88(1,1,1,8) Details
19270741 Gegg ME, Cooper JM, Schapira AH, Taanman JW: Silencing of PINK1 expression affects mitochondrial DNA and oxidative phosphorylation in dopaminergic cells. PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4756. Epub 2009 Mar 9.

This mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in increased markers of oxidative stress under basal conditions and increased cell death following treatment with the free radical generator paraquat.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
18715146 Ethell DW, Fei Q: Parkinson-linked genes and toxins that affect neuronal cell death through the Bcl-2 family. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 Mar;11(3):529-40.

Oxidative stress induced by the neurotoxins MPTP, paraquat, maneb, and rotenone causes lipid peroxidation and protein misfolding that affects cell death through members of the Bcl-2 family.
Of the familial mutations identified thus far, two of the loci encode proteins associated with ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of misfolded proteins (Parkin and Uch-L1), and two encode proteins associated with mitochondria and oxidative stress (DJ-1 and PINK1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19500570 Grunewald A, Gegg ME, Taanman JW, King RH, Kock N, Klein C, Schapira AH: Differential effects of PINK1 nonsense and missense mutations on mitochondrial function and morphology. Exp Neurol. 2009 Sep;219(1):266-73. Epub 2009 Jun 3.

There were increased basal levels of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in these cells and an exaggerated increase of reduced glutathione in response to paraquat-induced free radical formation.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
17010972 Liang CL, Wang TT, Luby-Phelps K, German DC: Mitochondria mass is low in mouse substantia nigra dopamine neurons: implications for Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 2007 Feb;203(2):370-80. Epub 2006 Sep 28.


Many sporadic PD patients have a defect in mitochondria respiration, and some of the genes that cause PD are mitochondrial-related (e.g., PINK1, Parkin, DJ1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details