Protein Information

Name PK1
Synonyms Black mamba toxin related protein; PRK 1; PRK1; EG VEGF; EGVEGF; Endocrine gland derived vascular endothelial growth factor; Mambakine; PK1…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11039594 Kiyomiya K, Matsushita N, Matsuo S, Kurebe M: Roles of oxygen radical production and lipid peroxidation in the cytotoxicity of cephaloridine on cultured renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). J Vet Med Sci. 2000 Sep;62(9):977-81.

The levels of NADPH-dependent hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production by microsomes prepared from LLC-PK1 cells, and by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase purified from the rat renal cortex were significantly increased by paraquat.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
12537968 Li W, Choy DF, Lam MS, Morgan T, Sullivan ME, Post JM: Use of cultured cells of kidney origin to assess specific cytotoxic effects of nephrotoxins. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003 Feb;17(1):107-13.

The cell types were the porcine normal kidney tubular epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1), the primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (hRPTEC) and the human liver cell line (HepG2).
Four known nephrotoxins, 4-aminophenol, cisplatin, cyclosporin A and paraquat, were tested in this cell-based assay to evaluate cytotoxicity on drug exposure.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11327515 Machaalani R, Lazzaro V, Duggin GG: The characterisation and uptake of paraquat in cultured baboon kidney proximal tubule cells (bPTC). Hum Exp Toxicol. 2001 Feb;20(2):90-9.

The cytotoxic threshold for PQ in these cells was determined and compared to the LLC-PK1 and MDCK cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details