Protein Information

Name DJ 1
Synonyms DJ 1; DJ1; Oncogene DJ1; PARK 7; PARK7; Protein DJ 1; RNA binding protein regulatory subunit; Oncogene DJ1s…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19425177 Gonzalez-Polo R, Niso-Santano M, Moran JM, Ortiz-Ortiz MA, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Soler G, Fuentes JM: Silencing DJ-1 reveals its contribution in paraquat-induced autophagy. J Neurochem. 2009 May;109(3):889-98.

When human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with DJ-1-specific small interfering RNAs and exposed to paraquat, we observed (i) sensitization additive with paraquat-induced apoptotic cell death, (ii) inhibition of the cytoplasmic accumulation of autophagic vacuoles as well as the recruitment of LC3 fusion protein to the vacuoles, (iii) exacerbation of apoptotic cell death in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, and (iv) an increase in mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation.
125(1,2,4,5) Details
17823202 Yang W, Chen L, Ding Y, Zhuang X, Kang UJ: Paraquat induces dopaminergic dysfunction and proteasome impairment in DJ-1-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet. 2007 Dec 1;16(23):2900-10. Epub 2007 Sep 6.

To simulate the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors, we treated DJ-1-deficient mice with paraquat.
45(0,1,3,5) Details
11697128 Mitsumoto A, Nakagawa Y, Takeuchi A, Okawa K, Iwamatsu A, Takanezawa Y: Oxidized forms of peroxiredoxins and DJ-1 on two-dimensional gels increased in response to sublethal levels of paraquat. Free Radic Res. 2001 Sep;35(3):301-10.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
11811539 Mitsumoto A, Nakagawa Y: DJ-1 is an indicator for endogenous reactive oxygen species elicited by endotoxin. Free Radic Res. 2001 Dec;35(6):885-93.

We previously found that DJ-1 protein of pI 5.8 (DJ-1/5.8) increased on 2D gels as DJ-1 of pI 6.2 (DJ-1/6.2) decreased, upon exposure of human cells to sublethal levels of oxidative stress, such as H2O2 and paraquat.
13(0,0,1,8) Details
14662519 Bandopadhyay R, Kingsbury AE, Cookson MR, Reid AR, Evans IM, Hope AD, Pittman AM, Lashley T, Canet-Aviles R, Miller DW, McLendon C, Strand C, Leonard AJ, Abou-Sleiman PM, Healy DG, Ariga H, Wood NW, de Silva R, Revesz T, Hardy JA, Lees AJ: The expression of DJ-1 (PARK7) in normal human CNS and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2004 Feb;127(Pt 2):420-30. Epub 2003 Dec 8.

By 2D gel analysis we also showed multiple pI isoforms for DJ-1 ranging between 5.5-6.6 in both control and Parkinson's disease brains, whilst exposure of M17 cells to the oxidizing agent paraquat was manifested as a shift in pI of endogenous DJ-1 towards more acidic isoforms.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
16203113 Park J, Kim SY, Cha GH, Lee SB, Kim S, Chung J: Drosophila DJ-1 mutants show oxidative stress-sensitive locomotive dysfunction. Gene. 2005 Nov 21;361:133-9. Epub 2005 Oct 3.

The locomotor activity of DJ-1beta mutants was further decreased by paraquat-induced oxidative stress.
9(0,0,0,9) Details
16139214 Menzies FM, Yenisetti SC, Min KT: Roles of Drosophila DJ-1 in survival of dopaminergic neurons and oxidative stress. Curr Biol. 2005 Sep 6;15(17):1578-82.

Loss-of-function DJ-1beta mutants demonstrated an extended survival of dopaminergic neurons and resistance to paraquat stress, but showed acute sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide treatment.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
17651920 Lavara-Culebras E, Paricio N: Drosophila DJ-1 mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress and show reduced lifespan and motor deficits. Gene. 2007 Oct 1;400(1-2):158-65. Epub 2007 Jun 29.

Both ubiquitous induction of DJ-1alpha knockdown by RNAi and loss of function of DJ-1beta caused by an insertional mutation result in increased sensitivity to paraquat insults, reduced lifespan and motor impairments.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
16139213 Meulener M, Whitworth AJ, Armstrong-Gold CE, Rizzu P, Heutink P, Wes PD, Pallanck LJ, Bonini NM: Drosophila DJ-1 mutants are selectively sensitive to environmental toxins associated with Parkinson's disease. Curr Biol. 2005 Sep 6;15(17):1572-7.

DJ-1alpha and DJ-1beta double knockout flies are viable, fertile, and have a normal lifespan; however, they display a striking selective sensitivity to those environmental agents, including paraquat and rotenone, linked to PD in humans.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
16894167 Meulener MC, Xu K, Thomson L, Ischiropoulos H, Bonini NM: Mutational analysis of DJ-1 in Drosophila implicates functional inactivation by oxidative damage and aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 15;103(33):12517-22. Epub 2006 Aug 7.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
16239214 Ved R, Saha S, Westlund B, Perier C, Burnam L, Sluder A, Hoener M, Rodrigues CM, Alfonso A, Steer C, Liu L, Przedborski S, Wolozin B: Similar patterns of mitochondrial vulnerability and rescue induced by genetic modification of alpha-synuclein, parkin, and DJ-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 30;280(52):42655-68. Epub 2005 Oct 19.

In contrast, the genetic manipulations did not increase sensitivity to paraquat, sodium azide, divalent metal ions (Fe (II) or Cu (II)), or etoposide compared with the nontransgenic nematodes.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18715146 Ethell DW, Fei Q: Parkinson-linked genes and toxins that affect neuronal cell death through the Bcl-2 family. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 Mar;11(3):529-40.

Oxidative stress induced by the neurotoxins MPTP, paraquat, maneb, and rotenone causes lipid peroxidation and protein misfolding that affects cell death through members of the Bcl-2 family.
Of the familial mutations identified thus far, two of the loci encode proteins associated with ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of misfolded proteins (Parkin and Uch-L1), and two encode proteins associated with mitochondria and oxidative stress (DJ-1 and PINK1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17010972 Liang CL, Wang TT, Luby-Phelps K, German DC: Mitochondria mass is low in mouse substantia nigra dopamine neurons: implications for Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 2007 Feb;203(2):370-80. Epub 2006 Sep 28.


Many sporadic PD patients have a defect in mitochondria respiration, and some of the genes that cause PD are mitochondrial-related (e.g., PINK1, Parkin, DJ1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details