Protein Information

Name ferritin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Ferritin; Ferritins

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10052358 Deak M, Horvath GV, Davletova S, Torok K, Sass L, Vass I, Barna B, Kiraly Z, Dudits D: Plants ectopically expressing the iron-binding protein, ferritin, are tolerant to oxidative damage and pathogens. Nat Biotechnol. 1999 Feb;17(2):192-6.

Transgenic tobacco plants that synthesize alfalfa ferritin in vegetative tissues--either in its processed form in chloroplasts or in the cytoplasmic nonprocessed form--retained photosynthetic function upon free radical toxicity generated by iron excess or paraquat treatment.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
12644586 Kwok JC, Richardson DR: Anthracyclines induce accumulation of iron in ferritin in myocardial and neoplastic cells: inhibition of the ferritin iron mobilization pathway. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Apr;63(4):849-61.

In addition to DOX, other redox-cycling agents (i.e., menadione and paraquat) also increased ferritin-(59) Fe levels.
13(0,0,1,8) Details
19699718 Kaur D, Rajagopalan S, Andersen JK: Chronic expression of H-ferritin in dopaminergic midbrain neurons results in an age-related expansion of the labile iron pool and subsequent neurodegeneration: implications for Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 2009 Nov 10;1297:17-22. Epub 2009 Aug 21.

While ferritin elevation within dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) is protective against neurodegeneration elicited by two toxin models of Parkinson's disease (PD), MPTP and paraquat, in young animals, its prolonged elevation results in a selective age-related neurodegeneration.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
15857406 McCormack AL, Atienza JG, Johnston LC, Andersen JK, Vu S, Di Monte DA: Role of oxidative stress in paraquat-induced dopaminergic cell degeneration. J Neurochem. 2005 May;93(4):1030-7.

Further evidence of paraquat-induced oxidative injury derives from the observation of nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of paraquat-treated animals and from experiments with ferritin transgenic mice.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
12065536 Waidner B, Greiner S, Odenbreit S, Kavermann H, Velayudhan J, Stahler F, Guhl J, Bisse E, van Vliet AH, Andrews SC, Kusters JG, Kelly DJ, Haas R, Kist M, Bereswill S: Essential role of ferritin Pfr in Helicobacter pylori iron metabolism and gastric colonization. Infect Immun. 2002 Jul;70(7):3923-9.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
19959254 Tarantino D, Casagrande F, Soave C, Murgia I: Knocking out of the mitochondrial AtFer4 ferritin does not alter response of Arabidopsis plants to abiotic stresses. J Plant Physiol. 2010 Apr 15;167(6):453-60. Epub 2009 Dec 3.

Ferritins are iron-storage proteins which, in Arabidopsis, have a clear role in protection against oxidative stress.
No enhanced sensitivity to oxidative conditions was observed in atfer4 seedlings exposed to salinity, osmotic stress, cold stress or oxidative stress elicited by paraquat.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18308429 Chen H, Liu B, Lukas TJ, Suyeoka G, Wu G, Neufeld AH: Changes in iron-regulatory proteins in the aged rodent neural retina. . Neurobiol Aging. 2009 Nov;30(11):1865-76. Epub 2008 Mar 4.

Quantitative RT-PCR showed that transferrin and ferritin genes were upregulated in the aged retina.
Exposure of RGC-5 cells to increased iron potentiated the neurotoxicity induced by paraquat, glutamate, and TNFalpha.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17469137 Crooks DR, Ghosh MC, Braun-Sommargren M, Rouault TA, Smith DR: Manganese targets m-aconitase and activates iron regulatory protein 2 in AF5 GABAergic cells. J Neurosci Res. 2007 Jun;85(8):1797-809.

Using the AF5 neural-derived cell line, which displays GABAergic properties, we showed that Mn significantly increased glutamate release to 174%-214% of that of the control and that the effects of Mn exposure on the metabolism of glutamate, glutamine, alanine, and GABA resembled the effects of fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of aconitase, but not the effects of other toxicants including paraquat, rotenone, or 3-nitropropionic acid.
RNA mobility shift assay and Western blot showed that Mn treatment caused c-aconitase to be converted to iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) and increased the abundance of IRP2, leading to reduced H-ferritin expression, increased transferrin receptor expression, and increased uptake of transferrin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15664434 Ayaki H, Lee MJ, Sumino K, Nishio H: Different cytoprotective effect of antioxidants and change in the iron regulatory system in rodent cells exposed to paraquat or formaldehyde. Toxicology. 2005 Mar 1;208(1):73-9.

Previously, we observed stimulation of EpRE-mediated ferritin mRNA expression in the cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16949961 Soos V, Jori B, Paldi E, Szego D, Szigeti Z, Racz I, Lasztity D: Ferritin2 gene in paraquat-susceptible and resistant biotypes of horseweed Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. J Plant Physiol. 2006 Sep;163(9):979-82. Epub 2005 Nov 7.

Ferritins, the multimeric iron storage proteins, are the main regulators of the cellular level of uncomplexed iron.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19100311 Ghio AJ: Disruption of iron homeostasis and lung disease. . Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Jul;1790(7):731-9. Epub 2008 Dec 3.

This means that detoxification is accomplished by chemical reduction to Fe (2+) (e.g. by duodenal cytochrome b and other ferrireductases), iron import (e.g. by divalent metal transporter 1 and other transporters), and storage in ferritin.
Exposures to bleomycin, dusts and fibers, and paraquat similarly alter iron homeostasis in the lung to affect an oxidative stress.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12028379 Horsburgh MJ, Wharton SJ, Cox AG, Ingham E, Peacock S, Foster SJ: MntR modulates expression of the PerR regulon and superoxide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus through control of manganese uptake. Mol Microbiol. 2002 Jun;44(5):1269-86.


The expression of the PerR-regulated genes, katA (catalase), ftn (ferritin) and fur (ferric uptake regulator), was diminished in STE031 (mntR) when grown in excess Mn (II).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17013749 Moeder W, Del Pozo O, Navarre DA, Martin GB, Klessig DF: Aconitase plays a role in regulating resistance to oxidative stress and cell death in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Mol Biol. 2007 Jan;63(2):273-87. Epub 2006 Oct 1.


Arabidopsis aconitase knockout (KO) plants were found to have significantly less chlorosis after treatment with the superoxide-generating compound, paraquat.
0(0,0,0,0) Details