Protein Information

Name diaphorase
Synonyms Diaphorase; DHQU; DIA 4; DIA4; DT diaphorase; DTD; Diaphorase (NADH/NADPH); Diaphorase (NADH/NADPH) (cytochrome b 5 reductase)…

Compound Information

Name paraquat
CAS 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19526292 Ortiz-Ortiz MA, Moran JM, Gonzalez-Polo RA, Niso-Santano M, Soler G, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Fuentes JM: Nitric oxide-mediated toxicity in paraquat-exposed SH-SY5Y cells: a protective role of 7-nitroindazole. Neurotox Res. 2009 Aug;16(2):160-73. Epub 2009 May 30.

The importance of the NADPH-diaphorase activity of NOSs in paraquat toxicity, in addition to the production of NO, has previously been reported as a mechanism of toxicity.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
10910079 Siemankowski LM, Morreale J, Butts BD, Briehl MM: Increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha sensitivity of MCF-7 cells transfected with NAD (P) H:quinone reductase. Cancer Res. 2000 Jul 1;60(13):3638-44.

NAD (P) H:(quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase (NQO1) is an antioxidant enzyme with particular relevance to cancer.
This increased sensitivity could not be explained by changes in superoxide dismutase or catalase activity or to increased sensitivity to oxidative stress in general, as assessed by response to hydrogen peroxide and paraquat treatment.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
15871734 Sturve J, Stephensen E, Forlin L: Effects of redox cycling compounds on DT diaphorase activity in the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Hepatol. 2005 May 4;4(1):4.

RESULTS: In rainbow trout, hepatic DTD activity is induced by the bifunctional AHR agonists beta-NF and B (a) P and the monofunctional inducers naphthazarin, menadione and paraquat.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12387848 Girardini JE, Dissous C, Serra E: Schistosoma mansoni ferredoxin NADP (H) oxidoreductase and its role in detoxification. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2002 Sep-Oct;124(1-2):37-45.


Gel diaphorase activity and western blot assays demonstrated that SmFNR represented the major diaphorase activity of adult worms.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18062229 Lee Y, Yeom J, Kang YS, Kim J, Sung JS, Jeon CO, Park W: Molecular characterization of fprB (ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase) in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Sep;17(9):1504-12.

The diaphorase activity assay was conducted using purified FprB to identify the function of FprB.
In contrast to the fpr gene, the induction of fprB was not affected by oxidative stress agents, such as paraquat, menadione, H2O2 and t-butyl hydroperoxide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17964427 Kell A, Ventura N, Kahn N, Johnson TE: Activation of SKN-1 by novel kinases in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Dec 1;43(11):1560-6. Epub 2007 Sep 7.

The SKN-1 transcription factor specifies cell fate of the EMS blastomere at the four-cell stage in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and also directs transcription of many genes responding to oxidative stress, including glutathione S-transferase, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase, and superoxide dismutase.
SKN-1 localizes to the nucleus and directs transcription following exposure to paraquat, heat, hyperbaric oxygen, and sodium azide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11926994 Yumino K, Kawakami I, Tamura M, Hayashi T, Nakamura M: Paraquat- and diquat-induced oxygen radical generation and lipid peroxidation in rat brain microsomes. J Biochem. 2002 Apr;131(4):565-70.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
10535996 Day BJ, Patel M, Calavetta L, Chang LY, Stamler JS: A mechanism of paraquat toxicity involving nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 26;96(22):12760-5.

0(0,0,0,0) Details