Protein Information

Name calmodulin
Synonyms CALM; CAM; CALM 1; CALM 2; CALM 3; CALM1; CALM2; CALM3…

Compound Information

Name abscisic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15063776 Takezawa D, Minami A: Calmodulin-binding proteins in bryophytes: identification of abscisic acid-, cold-, and osmotic stress-induced genes encoding novel membrane-bound transporter-like proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Apr 30;317(2):428-36.
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18364679 Sang J, Zhang A, Lin F, Tan M, Jiang M: Cross-talk between calcium-calmodulin and nitric oxide in abscisic acid signaling in leaves of maize plants. Cell Res. 2008 May;18(5):577-88.
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17176391 Hu X, Jiang M, Zhang J, Zhang A, Lin F, Tan M: Calcium-calmodulin is required for abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defense and functions both upstream and downstream of H2O2 production in leaves of maize (Zea mays) plants. New Phytol. 2007;173(1):27-38.

* Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, the role of calmodulin (CaM) and the relationship between CaM and hydrogen peroxide (H (2) O (2)) in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize (Zea mays) plants were investigated. * Treatment with ABA or H (2) O (2) led to significant increases in the concentration of cytosolic Ca (2+) in the protoplasts of mesophyll cells and in the expression of the calmodulin 1 (CaM1) gene and the content of CaM in leaves of maize plants, and enhanced the expression of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 4 (SOD4), cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) and the activities of the chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes.
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15292241 Yang T, Chaudhuri S, Yang L, Chen Y, Poovaiah BW: Calcium/calmodulin up-regulates a cytoplasmic receptor-like kinase in plants. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 8;279(41):42552-9. Epub 2004 Aug 2.

The expression of CRCK1 is increased in response to stresses such as cold and salt and stress molecules such as abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
By using a protein-protein interaction-based approach, we have isolated a novel plant-specific calmodulin-binding receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (CRCK1) from Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as its ortholog from Medicago sativa (alfalfa).
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15891898 Mao GH, Hou LX, Ding CB, Cui SJ, Sun DY: Characterization of a cDNA coding for an extracellular calmodulin-binding protein from suspension-cultured cells of Angelica dahurica. Planta. 2005 Oct;222(3):428-37. Epub 2005 May 13.

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16553899 Pettko-Szandtner A, Meszaros T, Horvath GV, Bako L, Csordas-Toth E, Blastyak A, Zhiponova M, Miskolczi P, Dudits D: Activation of an alfalfa cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor by calmodulin-like domain protein kinase. Plant J. 2006 Apr;46(1):111-23.

The KRPMt gene was expressed in all plant organs and cultured cells, and its transcripts accumulated after abscisic acid and NaCl treatment.
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16766597 Capiati DA, Pais SM, Tellez-Inon MT: Wounding increases salt tolerance in tomato plants: evidence on the participation of calmodulin-like activities in cross-tolerance signalling. J Exp Bot. 2006;57(10):2391-400. Epub 2006 Jun 9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
16113225 Delk NA, Johnson KA, Chowdhury NI, Braam J: CML24, regulated in expression by diverse stimuli, encodes a potential Ca2+ sensor that functions in responses to abscisic acid, daylength, and ion stress. Plant Physiol. 2005 Sep;139(1):240-53. Epub 2005 Aug 19.

The 50-member calmodulin-like (CML) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) family encodes proteins containing the predicted Ca (2+)-binding EF-hand motif.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16299003 Chen CW, Yang YW, Lur HS, Tsai YG, Chang MC: A novel function of abscisic acid in the regulation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) root growth and development. Plant Cell Physiol. 2006 Jan;47(1):1-13. Epub 2005 Nov 18.

The effects of ABA on root morphogenesis change were Ca (2+) dependent and required the participation of calmodulin and de novo protein synthesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16980540 Kaplan B, Davydov O, Knight H, Galon Y, Knight MR, Fluhr R, Fromm H: Rapid transcriptome changes induced by cytosolic Ca2+ transients reveal ABRE-related sequences as Ca2+-responsive cis elements in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2006 Oct;18(10):2733-48. Epub 2006 Sep 15.

A cytosolic calcium transient induced by calmodulin antagonists and blocked by lanthanides was characterized using aequorin-based luminometry and photon imaging.
Analysis of their upstream regions revealed, exclusively in the upregulated genes, a highly significant occurrence of a consensus sequence (P < 10 (-13)) comprising two abscisic acid-specific cis elements: the abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE; CACGTG [T/C/G]) and its coupling element ([C/A] ACGCG [T/C/G]) [corrected] Finally, we show that a tetramer of the ABRE cis element is sufficient to confer transcriptional activation in response to cytosolic Ca (2+) transients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18643966 Magnan F, Ranty B, Charpenteau M, Sotta B, Galaud JP, Aldon D: Mutations in AtCML9, a calmodulin-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, alter plant responses to abiotic stress and abscisic acid. Plant J. 2008 Nov;56(4):575-89. Epub 2008 Jul 9.

The Ca2+ signals are perceived by different Ca2+ receptors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best-characterized Ca2+ sensors in eukaryotes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19161349 Gao G, Jin LP, Xie KY, Qu DY: The potato StLTPa7 gene displays a complex Ca-associated pattern of expression during the early stage of potato-Ralstonia solanacearum interaction. Mol Plant Pathol. 2009 Jan;10(1):15-27.

A phylogenetic analysis showed that the encoded amino acid sequence of the nsLTP was similar to those of other previously reported plant nsLTPs, which contain a putative calmodulin-binding site consisting of approximately 12 highly conserved amino acid residues.
The expression of the StLTPa7 gene was studied during the early stages of potato-R. solanacearum interaction using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Northern analyses, and a complex calcium (Ca2+)-associated pattern of expression was observed with the following features: (i) transcripts of the StLTPa7 gene were systemically up-regulated by infection with R. solanacearum; (ii) the StLTPa7 gene was stimulated by salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid and Ca2+; (iii) qRT-PCR showed that, during the early stage of R. solanacearum infection, nsLTP transcripts accumulated over a time course that paralleled that of Ca2+ accumulation, detected using environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrometry; and (iv) the Ca2+ channel blocker, ruthenium red, partially blocked R. solanacearum-induced StLTPa7 expression.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15499908 Kumar KG, Ullanat R, Jayabaskaran C: Molecular cloning, characterization, tissue-specific and phytohormone-induced expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase gene in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). J Plant Physiol. 2004 Sep;161(9):1061-71.

As described for other CDPKs, CsCDPK5 has a long variable domain preceding a catalytic domain, an autoinhibitory function domain, and a C-terminal calmodulin-domain containing 4 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs.
The relative expression level of the CsCPK genes in various organs of cucumber plants and seedlings and in etiolated, excised cotyledons and hypocotyls following treatments with light and/or benzyladenine (BA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA) or indole acetic acid (IAA) was determined by northern analysis using the CsCPK5 cDNA probe.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19525324 Mandadi KK, Misra A, Ren S, McKnight TD: BT2, a BTB protein, mediates multiple responses to nutrients, stresses, and hormones in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2009 Aug;150(4):1930-9. Epub 2009 Jun 12.

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene BT2 encodes a 41-kD protein that possesses an amino-terminal BTB domain, a central TAZ domain, and a carboxyl-terminal calmodulin-binding domain.
Exogenous sugars decreased BT2 expression, whereas exogenous nitrogen increased expression. bt2 loss-of-function mutants displayed a hypersensitive response to both sugar-mediated inhibition of germination and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated inhibition of germination, thus supporting a role of ABA in sugar signaling in germination and development.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15202712 Kolla VA, Suhita D, Raghavendra AS: Marked changes in volume of mesophyll protoplasts of pea (Pisum sativum) on exposure to growth hormones. J Plant Physiol. 2004 May;161(5):557-62.


Four plant hormones: gibberellic acid (GA3), indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA)(+/-) and methyl jasmonate (MJ), caused marked changes in the volume of mesophyll protoplasts.
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