Protein Information

Name superoxide dismutase
Synonyms IPO B; Indophenoloxidase B; MNSOD; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Manganese containing superoxide dismutase; Mangano superoxide dismutase; Mn superoxide dismutase; Mn SOD…

Compound Information

Name abscisic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18364679 Sang J, Zhang A, Lin F, Tan M, Jiang M: Cross-talk between calcium-calmodulin and nitric oxide in abscisic acid signaling in leaves of maize plants. Cell Res. 2008 May;18(5):577-88.

Moreover, SNP-induced increases in the expression of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 4 (SOD4), cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) and the activities of the chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes were arrested by the pretreatments with Ca (2+) inhibitors and CaM antagonists.
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19042137 Lu S, Su W, Li H, Guo Z: Abscisic acid improves drought tolerance of triploid bermudagrass and involves H2O2- and NO-induced antioxidant enzyme activities. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2009 Feb;47(2):132-8. Epub 2008 Oct 26.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased in both ABA-treated and control plants, but more in ABA-treated plants, under drought stress.
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19778406 Ding HD, Zhang XH, Xu SC, Sun LL, Jiang MY, Zhang AY, Jin YG: Induction of protection against paraquat-induced oxidative damage by abscisic acid in maize leaves is mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Integr Plant Biol. 2009 Oct;51(10):961-72.

Two inhibitors also suppressed the total activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2).
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16531486 Zhang A, Jiang M, Zhang J, Tan M, Hu X: Mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defense and acts downstream of reactive oxygen species production in leaves of maize plants. Plant Physiol. 2006 Jun;141(2):475-87. Epub 2006 Mar 10.

Treatments with ABA or H (2) O (2) induced the activation of a 46-kD MAPK and enhanced the expression of the antioxidant genes CAT1, cAPX, and GR1 and the total activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase.
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18349510 Sang JR, Jiang MY, Lin F, Li J, Xu SC: Role of nitric oxide in abscisic acid-induced subcellular antioxidant defense of maize leaves. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao. 2007 Dec;33(6):553-66.

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17901194 Duan B, Yang Y, Lu Y, Korpelainen H, Berninger F, Li C: Interactions between water deficit, ABA, and provenances in Picea asperata. J Exp Bot. 2007;58(11):3025-36.


The effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the acclimation of Picea asperata to water deficit were investigated in two populations originating from wet and dry climate regions of China.
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17346769 Lei Y, Korpelainen H, Li C: Physiological and biochemical responses to high Mn concentrations in two contrasting Populus cathayana populations. Chemosphere. 2007 Jun;68(4):686-94. Epub 2007 Mar 7.


Mn treatments also significantly increased the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), polyamines and free amino acids especially proline (Pro), histidine (His) and phenylalanine (Phe) available for cellular signaling and heavy metal chelation.
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19526549 Liang Y, Strelkov SE, Kav NN: Oxalic acid-mediated stress responses in Brassica napus L. Proteomics. 2009 Jun;9(11):3156-73.


Investigation of the effect of OA on phytohormone signaling and oxidative responses revealed that jasmonic acid-, ethylene-, and abscisic acid-mediated signaling pathways appear to increase at later time points, whereas those pathways mediated by salicylic acid appear to be suppressed.
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18945933 Wu L, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Wang XC, Huang R: Transcriptional modulation of ethylene response factor protein JERF3 in the oxidative stress response enhances tolerance of tobacco seedlings to salt, drought, and freezing. Plant Physiol. 2008 Dec;148(4):1953-63. Epub 2008 Oct 22.

More importantly, this regulation of the expression of oxidative genes subsequently enhances the activities of superoxide dismutase but reduces the content of ROS in tobacco under drought, cold, salt, and abscisic acid treatments.
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15139192 Shi M, Cheng R: [Effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear (Momordica charantia) yield and quality, and polyamines, hormone, and senescence of its leaves]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2004 Jan;15(1):77-80.

The reason was that Zn and B could increase polyamines (PAs), putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and ascorbic acid (ASA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA), abscisic acid (ABA) contents in leaves, which inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation.
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19068651 Chen L, Song YF, Zhang W, Li XY, Wang L, Ji PH, Yang XX: [Assessment of toxicity effects for cadmium contamination in soils by means of multi-indexes]. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2008 Sep;29(9):2606-12.

The genetic and eco-toxic effects of Cd (0-10 mg x kg (-1)) were studied with Vicia faba (broad bean) as the test species using meadow brown soil in pot experiments by means of several indexes, such as Vicia faba root tip micronucleus frequency (MCN), mitosis index (MI), and chromosomal aberrations frequency (CAF), antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalase (CAT) and phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and zeatin and zeatin riboside (Z&ZR;).
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17176391 Hu X, Jiang M, Zhang J, Zhang A, Lin F, Tan M: Calcium-calmodulin is required for abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defense and functions both upstream and downstream of H2O2 production in leaves of maize (Zea mays) plants. New Phytol. 2007;173(1):27-38.

* Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, the role of calmodulin (CaM) and the relationship between CaM and hydrogen peroxide (H (2) O (2)) in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize (Zea mays) plants were investigated. * Treatment with ABA or H (2) O (2) led to significant increases in the concentration of cytosolic Ca (2+) in the protoplasts of mesophyll cells and in the expression of the calmodulin 1 (CaM1) gene and the content of CaM in leaves of maize plants, and enhanced the expression of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 4 (SOD4), cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) and the activities of the chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes.
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18451323 Yu H, Chen X, Hong YY, Wang Y, Xu P, Ke SD, Liu HY, Zhu JK, Oliver DJ, Xiang CB: Activated expression of an Arabidopsis HD-START protein confers drought tolerance with improved root system and reduced stomatal density. Plant Cell. 2008 Apr;20(4):1134-51. Epub 2008 Apr 30.

The mutant had higher levels of abscisic acid and Pro than the wild type and demonstrated an increased resistance to oxidative stress and high levels of superoxide dismutase.
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19390823 Xu X, Zhou Y, Wei S, Ren D, Yang M, Bu H, Kang M, Wang J, Feng J: Molecular cloning and expression of a Cu/Zn-Containing superoxide dismutase from Thellungiella halophila. Mol Cells. 2009 Apr;27(4):423-8. Epub 2009 Apr 13.

ThCSD mRNA levels increased by about 30-fold when plants were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-acetic acid (IAA) and by about 50-fold when treated with UVB light.
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16604103 Baek KH, Skinner DZ, Ling P, Chen X: Molecular structure and organization of the wheat genomic manganese superoxide dismutase gene. Genome. 2006 Mar;49(3):209-18.

The promoter contained many putative cis-acting regulatory elements, including an abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element, a stress-responsive element, and a GC-repeat, as well as several other structural features in common with the promoter of the rice MnSOD gene.
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17295357 Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shi W, Qian C, Peng X: Identification of aluminum-responsive proteins in rice roots by a proteomic approach: cysteine synthase as a key player in Al response. Proteomics. 2007 Mar;7(5):737-49.

More importantly, a number of other identified proteins including cysteine synthase (CS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, G protein beta subunit-like protein, abscisic acid- and stress-induced protein, putative Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited protein 141, and a 33 kDa secretory protein are novel Al-induced proteins.
Among the up-regulated proteins are copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), GST, and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 2, which are the consistently known Al-induced enzymes previously detected at the transcriptional level in other plants.
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17518349 Celik I, Tuluce Y, Isik I: Evalution of toxicity of abcisic acid and gibberellic acid in rats: 50 days drinking water study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2007 Apr;22(2):219-26.


In the present study, the influence of subchronic effects of two plant growth regulators (PGRs) [Abcisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3)] on antioxidant defense systems [reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)] and lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde = MDA) in various tissues of the rat were investigated during treatment as a drinking water model. 75 ppm of ABA and GA3 in drinking water were continuously administered orally to rats (Sprague-Dawley albino) ad libitum for 50 days.
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16906483 Hossain Z, Mandal AK, Datta SK, Biswas AK: Development of NaCl-tolerant strain in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. through in vitro mutagenesis. Plant Biol. 2006 Jul;8(4):450-61.


Enhanced tolerance of the E2 variant has been attributed to the increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and, to a lesser extent of membrane damage than NaCl-treated control plants.
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19261065 Xue B, Zhang A, Jiang M: Involvement of polyamine oxidase in abscisic acid-induced cytosolic antioxidant defense in leaves of maize. J Integr Plant Biol. 2009 Mar;51(3):225-34.

Pretreatment with two different inhibitors for apoplastic MPAO partly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation induced by ABA and blocked the ABA-induced expression of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 4 and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and the activities of the cytosolic antioxidant enzymes.
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18230142 Soitamo AJ, Piippo M, Allahverdiyeva Y, Battchikova N, Aro EM: Light has a specific role in modulating Arabidopsis gene expression at low temperature. BMC Plant Biol. 2008 Jan 29;8:13.

RESULTS: Induction of a few oxidative stress related genes occurred only under the Cold/Light treatment including genes encoding iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and glutathione-dependent hydrogen peroxide peroxidases (GPX).
Cold/Light specifically induced genes encoding protective molecules like phenylpropanoids and photosynthesis-related carotenoids also involved in the biosynthesis of hormone abscisic acid (ABA) crucial for cold acclimation.
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15658805 Hung KT, Kao CH: Hydrogen peroxide is necessary for abscisic acid-induced senescence of rice leaves. J Plant Physiol. 2004 Dec;161(12):1347-57.

Dimethylthiourea, a chemical trap for H2O2, was observed to be effective in inhibiting ABA-induced senescence, ABA-increased matondialdehyde (MDA) content, ABA-increased antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase), and ABA-decreased antioxidant contents (ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione) in rice leaves.
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18468508 He H, Li J: Proteomic analysis of phosphoproteins regulated by abscisic acid in rice leaves. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Jul 11;371(4):883-8. Epub 2008 May 9.

Six ABA-regulated phosphoproteins were identified as G protein beta subunit-like protein, ascorbate peroxidase, manganese superoxide dismutase, triosephosphate isomerase, putative Ca (2+)/H (+) antiporter regulator protein, and glyoxysomal malate dehydrogenase.
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19566644 Xu S, Ding H, Su F, Zhang A, Jiang M: Involvement of protein phosphorylation in water stress-induced antioxidant defense in maize leaves. J Integr Plant Biol. 2009 Jul;51(7):654-62.

Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, the role of protein phosphorylation and the interrelationship between water stress-enhanced kinase activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and endogenous abscisic acid in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves were investigated.
Pretreatments with different protein kinase inhibitors also reduced the water stress-induced H2O2 production and the water stress-enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase.
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19103168 Ke Y, Han G, He H, Li J: Differential regulation of proteins and phosphoproteins in rice under drought stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Jan 30;379(1):133-8. Epub 2008 Dec 25.

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA)-like protein and chloroplast Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) were up-regulated by drought whereas Rieske Fe-S precursor protein was down-regulated.
Ten drought-responsive phosphoproteins were identified: NAD-malate dehydrogenase, OSJNBa0084K20.14 protein, abscisic acid- and stress-inducible protein, ribosomal protein, drought-induced S-like ribonuclease, ethylene-inducible protein, guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta subunit-like protein, r40c1 protein, OSJNBb0039L24.13 protein and germin-like protein 1.
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16642382 Wi SJ, Kim WT, Park KY: Overexpression of carnation S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene generates a broad-spectrum tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell Rep. 2006 Oct;25(10):1111-21. Epub 2006 Apr 27.

Transcripts for antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, manganase superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase) in transgenic plants and GUS activity transformed with SAMDC promoter::GUS fusion were induced more significantly by stress treatment, compared to control.
Stress-induced damage was attenuated in these transgenic plants, in the symptom of visible yellowing and chlorophyll degradation after all experienced stresses such as salt stress, cold stress, acidic stress, and abscisic acid treatment.
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15723826 He P, Osaki M, Takebe M, Shinano T, Wasaki J: Endogenous hormones and expression of senescence-related genes in different senescent types of maize. J Exp Bot. 2005 Apr;56(414):1117-28. Epub 2005 Feb 21.

P3845 ear leaves contained more malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than Hokkou 55.
Levels of cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) and the expression of senescence-related genes were investigated in two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of different senescence type, cv.
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18929429 Luo Y, Liu YB, Dong YX, Gao XQ, Zhang XS: Expression of a putative alfalfa helicase increases tolerance to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis by enhancing the capacities for ROS scavenging and osmotic adjustment. J Plant Physiol. 2009 Mar 1;166(4):385-94. Epub 2008 Oct 16.

Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis revealed that mannitol, NaCl, methyl viologen and abscisic acid induced the expression of MH1.
The capacity for osmotic adjustment, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and proline content were also elevated in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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17418944 Celik I, Turker M, Tuluce Y: Abcisic acid and gibberellic acid cause increased lipid peroxidation and fluctuated antioxidant defense systems of various tissues in rats. J Hazard Mater. 2007 Sep 30;148(3):623-9. Epub 2007 Mar 12.


The study was aimed at demonstrating changes in the antioxidant defense systems [Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)] forming an antioxidative barrier and oxidative stress parameter (Malondialdehyde=MDA) in the various tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats which were administrated plant growth regulators (PGRs) [Abcisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellic acid (GA (3))] during 25 days.
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19106015 Yu K, Wei J, Ma Q, Yu D, Li J: Senescence of aerial parts is impeded by exogenous gibberellic acid in herbaceous perennial Paris polyphylla. J Plant Physiol. 2009 May 15;166(8):819-30. Epub 2008 Dec 21.

The effects of gibberellin A (3) (GA (3)) on natural senescence and the relationship between gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA), and senescence are not fully understood.
Treated plants suffered less oxidative stress as revealed by reduced lipid peroxidation, a lower hydrogen peroxide level and modified activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and their respective isozyme profiles.
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19017119 Du YY, Wang PC, Chen J, Song CP: Comprehensive functional analysis of the catalase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Integr Plant Biol. 2008 Oct;50(10):1318-26.

Here, we analyze the expression profiles and activities of three catalases under different treatments including drought, cold, oxidative stresses, abscisic acid and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis.
These results, together with previous data, suggest that the network of transcriptional control explains how CATs and other scavenger enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase may be coordinately regulated during development, but differentially expressed in response to different stresses for controlling ROS homeostasis.
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18305213 Zsigmond L, Rigo G, Szarka A, Szekely G, Otvos K, Darula Z, Medzihradszky KF, Koncz C, Koncz Z, Szabados L: Arabidopsis PPR40 connects abiotic stress responses to mitochondrial electron transport. Plant Physiol. 2008 Apr;146(4):1721-37. Epub 2008 Feb 27.

Insertion mutations inactivating PPR40 result in semidwarf growth habit and enhanced sensitivity to salt, abscisic acid, and oxidative stress.
Enhanced stress sensitivity of the ppr40-1 mutant is accompanied by accumulation of reactive oxygen species, enhanced lipid peroxidation, higher superoxide dismutase activity, and altered activation of several stress-responsive genes including the alternative oxidase AOX1d.
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19183289 Zhang Y, Tan J, Guo Z, Lu S, He S, Shu W, Zhou B: Increased abscisic acid levels in transgenic tobacco over-expressing 9 cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase influence H2O2 and NO production and antioxidant defences. Plant Cell Environ. 2009 May;32(5):509-19. Epub 2009 Jan 22.

H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) contents were enhanced in guard cells and mesophyll cells of the transgenic plants, accompanied with increased transcripts and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR).
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16049674 Hu X, Jiang M, Zhang A, Lu J: Abscisic acid-induced apoplastic H2O2 accumulation up-regulates the activities of chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes in maize leaves. Planta. 2005 Dec;223(1):57-68. Epub 2005 Jul 28.

Meanwhile, ABA treatment led to a significant increase in the activities of the leaf chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and pretreatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), the O (2) (-) scavenger Tiron and the H (2) O (2) scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU) almost completely arrested the increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes.
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19853962 Wang Y, Gao C, Liang Y, Wang C, Yang C, Liu G: A novel bZIP gene from Tamarix hispida mediates physiological responses to salt stress in tobacco plants. J Plant Physiol. 2010 Feb 15;167(3):222-30. Epub 2009 Oct 23.

Basic leucine zipper proteins (bZIPs) are transcription factors that bind abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive elements (ABREs) and enable plants to withstand adverse environmental conditions.
Our results indicate that overexpression of ThbZIP1 can enhance the activity of both peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increase the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins under salt stress conditions.
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