Protein Information

Name beta glucuronidase
Synonyms Beta glucuronidase; Beta G1; Beta glucuronidase precursor; GUSB; MPS 7; MPS7; Beta G1s; Beta glucuronidase precursors

Compound Information

Name abscisic acid
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17220197 Kotak S, Vierling E, Baumlein H, von Koskull-Doring P: A novel transcriptional cascade regulating expression of heat stress proteins during seed development of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2007 Jan;19(1):182-95. Epub 2007 Jan 12.

Here, we present evidence that developmental expression of HsfA9 is regulated by the seed-specific transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3).
Furthermore, this seed-specific transcription factor cascade was reconstructed in transient beta-glucuronidase reporter assays in mesophyll protoplasts by showing that ABI3 could activate the HsfA9 promoter, whereas HsfA9 in turn was shown to be a potent activator on the promoters of Hsp genes.
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17116242 Jain M, Tyagi AK, Khurana JP: Overexpression of putative topoisomerase 6 genes from rice confers stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. FEBS J. 2006 Dec;273(23):5245-60.

The expression of OsTOP6A2, OsTOP6A3 and OsTOP6B was differentially regulated by the plant hormones, auxin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid.
The nuclear localization of OsTOP6A3 and OsTOP6B was established by the transient expression of their beta-glucuronidase fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells.
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18162593 Jung C, Seo JS, Han SW, Koo YJ, Kim CH, Song SI, Nahm BH, Choi YD, Cheong JJ: Overexpression of AtMYB44 enhances stomatal closure to confer abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2008 Feb;146(2):623-35. Epub 2007 Dec 27.

Treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) induced AtMYB44 transcript accumulation within 30 min.
In transgenic Arabidopsis carrying an AtMYB44 promoter-driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) construct, strong GUS activity was observed in the vasculature and leaf epidermal guard cells.
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16360804 Takahashi W, Oishi H, Ikeda S, Takamizo T, Komatsu T: Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the replacement histone H3 gene of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). J Plant Physiol. 2006 Jan;163(1):58-68. Epub 2005 Jul 7.

However, the gene expression level in leaves was increased by the treatment with abscisic acid and abiotic stresses such as cold, heat and high-salinity (NaCl).
Experiments using transgenic Italian ryegrass plants proved that the isolated 5'-flanking sequence of the replacement histone H3 gene, which was fused to a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene, was fully functional for inducing gene expression under various abiotic stress conditions.
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19199048 Zhang ZL, Shin M, Zou X, Huang J, Ho TH, Shen QJ: A negative regulator encoded by a rice WRKY gene represses both abscisic acid and gibberellins signaling in aleurone cells. Plant Mol Biol. 2009 May;70(1-2):139-51. Epub 2009 Feb 7.

Overexpression of OsWRKY24 via particle bombardment-mediated transient expression in aleurone cells represses the expression of two reporter constructs: the beta-glucuronidase gene driven by the GA-inducible Amy32b alpha-amylase promoter (Amy32b-GUS) and the ABA-inducible HVA22 promoter (HVA22-GUS).
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15200643 van Hengel AJ, Barber C, Roberts K: The expression patterns of arabinogalactan-protein AtAGP30 and GLABRA2 reveal a role for abscisic acid in the early stages of root epidermal patterning. Plant J. 2004 Jul;39(1):70-83.

ABA also disrupts the expression pattern of the GL2::GUS (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene.
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15378369 Chung HJ, Fu HY, Thomas TL: Abscisic acid-inducible nuclear proteins bind to bipartite promoter elements required for ABA response and embryo-regulated expression of the carrot Dc3 gene. Planta. 2005 Jan;220(3):424-33. Epub 2004 Sep 8.

Cis regulatory elements involved in seed-specific expression and in response to ABA were identified in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene constructs containing a series of deletion and orientation mutants of the Dc3 promoter.
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19901034 Yamada K, Osakabe Y, Mizoi J, Nakashima K, Fujita Y, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K: Functional analysis of an Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress-inducible facilitated diffusion transporter for monosaccharides. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 8;285(2):1138-46. Epub 2009 Nov 9.

Expression of ESL1 was induced under drought and high salinity conditions and with exogenous application of abscisic acid.
Promoter analyses using beta-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein reporters revealed that ESL1 is mainly expressed in pericycle and xylem parenchyma cells.
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17573536 Zhang Y, Yang C, Li Y, Zheng N, Chen H, Zhao Q, Gao T, Guo H, Xie Q: SDIR1 is a RING finger E3 ligase that positively regulates stress-responsive abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2007 Jun;19(6):1912-29. Epub 2007 Jun 15.

Plants expressing the ProSDIR1-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter construct confirmed strong induction of GUS expression in stomatal guard cells and leaf mesophyll cells under drought stress.
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17221232 Huang Y, Xiao B, Xiong L: Characterization of a stress responsive proteinase inhibitor gene with positive effect in improving drought resistance in rice. Planta. 2007 Jun;226(1):73-85. Epub 2007 Jan 13.


The expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene under the control of OCPI1 promoter transformed into rice was strongly induced by drought and salt stresses.
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15159632 Ng DW, Chandrasekharan MB, Hall TC: The 5' UTR negatively regulates quantitative and spatial expression from the ABI3 promoter. Plant Mol Biol. 2004 Jan;54(1):25-38.

The involvement of transcription factors Arabidopsis abscisic acid-insensitive3 (ABI3), maize viviparous1 (VP1) and Phaseolus vulgaris ABI3-like factor (PvALF) in the spatial control of storage protein gene expression is well established.
To address this, a 5.15 kb ABI3 upstream sequence including a 4.6 kb full-length promoter and 519 bp of 5'-untranslated region (UTR) was used to drive either beta-glucuronidase (GUS) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in Arabidopsis.
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15854835 Doczi R, Kondrak M, Kovacs G, Beczner F, Banfalvi Z: Conservation of the drought-inducible DS2 genes and divergences from their ASR paralogues in solanaceous species. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2005 Mar;43(3):269-76. Epub 2005 Mar 14.


The drought-inducible DS2 genes of potatoes are members of the ASR (abscisic acid, stress and ripening) gene family.
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16862401 Kim MJ, Kim H, Shin JS, Chung CH, Ohlrogge JB, Suh MC: Seed-specific expression of sesame microsomal oleic acid desaturase is controlled by combinatorial properties between negative cis-regulatory elements in the SeFAD2 promoter and enhancers in the 5'-UTR intron. Mol Genet Genomics. 2006 Oct;276(4):351-68. Epub 2006 Jul 22.


SeFAD2 transcripts were induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in developing sesame seeds, and the - 660 to - 548 and - 179 to - 53 regions in the SeFAD2 promoter were implicated in ABA-responsive signaling.
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18936963 Hong JK, Hwang BK: The promoter of the pepper pathogen-induced membrane protein gene CaPIMP1 mediates environmental stress responses in plants. Planta. 2009 Jan;229(2):249-59. Epub 2008 Oct 21.

In tobacco leaf tissues transiently transformed with a CaPIMP1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion, serially 5'-deleted CaPIMP1 promoters were differentially activated by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, and nitric oxide.
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17885091 Liu C, Mehdy MC: A nonclassical arabinogalactan protein gene highly expressed in vascular tissues, AGP31, is transcriptionally repressed by methyl jasmonic acid in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2007 Nov;145(3):863-74. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

AGP31 promoter-beta-glucuronidase reporter gene analysis showed expression in the vascular bundle throughout the plant, except in the flower.
Wounding and abscisic acid treatment had similar effects.
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17208960 Cao X, Costa LM, Biderre-Petit C, Kbhaya B, Dey N, Perez P, McCarty DR, Gutierrez-Marcos JF, Becraft PW: Abscisic acid and stress signals induce Viviparous1 expression in seed and vegetative tissues of maize. Plant Physiol. 2007 Feb;143(2):720-31. Epub 2007 Jan 5.

The Vp1 promoter fused to beta-glucuronidase or green fluorescent protein reproduced the endogenous Vp1 expression patterns in transgenic maize plants and also revealed previously unknown expression domains of Vp1.
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16800383 Hu TZ, Wang WP, Cao KM, Xia M, Wang XP: Isolation and characterization of OsGSTL1 promoter from rice. Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 2006 Jun;33(6):525-31.

Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of the OsGSTL1 in rice was not induced by chlorsulfuron, ethylene, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate.
In order to investigate the cis-elements of OsGSTL1 promoter, the promoter regions with different lengths were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene.
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16805735 Marella HH, Sakata Y, Quatrano RS: Characterization and functional analysis of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3-like genes from Physcomitrella patens. Plant J. 2006 Jun;46(6):1032-44.

Initially, we used the ABA-responsive Em promoter from wheat linked to beta-glucuronidase (GUS) to determine whether ABI3/VP1, transcriptional regulators in the ABA-signaling pathway in angiosperms, were similarly active in the ABA response of P. patens.
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17803642 Shan DP, Huang JG, Yang YT, Guo YH, Wu CA, Yang GD, Gao Z, Zheng CC: Cotton GhDREB1 increases plant tolerance to low temperature and is negatively regulated by gibberellic acid. New Phytol. 2007;176(1):70-81.

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) signal intensity or beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity driven by the GhDREB1 promoter was clearly enhanced by low temperature but repressed by GA (3).
Northern blot analysis indicated that mRNA accumulation of GhDREB1 was induced by low temperatures and salt stress, but was not induced by abscisic acid (ABA) or drought stress in cotton seedlings.
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15051934 Tashpulatov AS, Clement P, Akimcheva SA, Belogradova KA, Barinova I, Rakhmawaty FD, Heberle-Bors E, Touraev A: A model system to study the environment-dependent expression of the Bet v 1a gene encoding the major birch pollen allergen. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 May;134(1):1-9. Epub 2004 Mar 25.

It was shown that temperature and abscisic acid positively regulate the activity of the Bet v 1a promoter during pollen development, providing evidence for environment-dependent regulation of the Bet v 1a gene.
Transgenic tobacco plants harboring the promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene fusion were obtained via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.
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19690865 Hwang JE, Hong JK, Je JH, Lee KO, Kim DY, Lee SY, Lim CO: Regulation of seed germination and seedling growth by an Arabidopsis phytocystatin isoform, AtCYS6. Plant Cell Rep. 2009 Nov;28(11):1623-32. Epub 2009 Aug 19.

The persistence of AtCYS6 protein expression in seedlings was promoted by abscisic acid (ABA), a seed germination and post-germination inhibitory phytohormone.
This finding was made in transgenic plants bearing an AtCYS6 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter construct, where we found that expression from the AtCYS6 promoter persisted after ABA treatment but was reduced under control conditions and by gibberellin (4+7) (GA (4+7)) treatment during the germination and post-germinative periods.
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17264065 Ide Y, Nagasaki N, Tomioka R, Suito M, Kamiya T, Maeshima M: Molecular properties of a novel, hydrophilic cation-binding protein associated with the plasma membrane. J Exp Bot. 2007;58(5):1173-83. Epub 2007 Jan 29.

Real-time polymerase chain reaction and histochemical analysis of promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions revealed that PCaP1 was expressed in most organs.
On the other hand, other sugars, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, dehydration, and low temperature had little or no effect on PCaP1 transcript abundance.
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15341627 Cellier F, Conejero G, Ricaud L, Luu DT, Lepetit M, Gosti F, Casse F: Characterization of AtCHX17, a member of the cation/H+ exchangers, CHX family, from Arabidopsis thaliana suggests a role in K+ homeostasis. Plant J. 2004 Sep;39(6):834-46.

The gene was strongly induced by salt stress, potassium starvation, abscisic acid (ABA) and external acidic pH.
Using the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene strategy and in situ RT-PCR experiments, we have found that AtCHX17 was expressed preferentially in epidermal and cortical cells of the mature root zones.
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18179780 Liu PF, Chang WC, Wang YK, Chang HY, Pan RL: Signaling pathways mediating the suppression of Arabidopsis thaliana Ku gene expression by abscisic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Mar;1779(3):164-74. Epub 2007 Dec 15.

First, beta-Glucuronidase assay and real time quantitative PCR analysis results indicate that ABA represses the AtKu gene in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
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16151843 Hong JK, Hwang BK: Promoter activation of pepper class II basic chitinase gene, CAChi2, and enhanced bacterial disease resistance and osmotic stress tolerance in the CAChi2-overexpressing Arabidopsis. Planta. 2006 Feb;223(3):433-48. Epub 2005 Sep 6.

The CAChi2-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited increased sensitivity to abscisic acid during seed germination.
In tobacco leaf tissues transiently transformed with the CAChi2 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, the CAChi2 promoter was up-regulated by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci infection.
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15333755 Sakamoto H, Maruyama K, Sakuma Y, Meshi T, Iwabuchi M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K: Arabidopsis Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins function as transcription repressors under drought, cold, and high-salinity stress conditions. Plant Physiol. 2004 Sep;136(1):2734-46. Epub 2004 Aug 27.

RNA gel-blot analysis showed that expression of AZF2 and STZ was strongly induced by dehydration, high-salt and cold stresses, and abscisic acid treatment.
Histochemical analysis of beta-glucuronidase activities driven by the AZF2 or STZ promoters revealed that both genes are induced in leaves rather than roots of rosette plants by the stresses.
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15889272 Rock CD, Sun X: Crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling pathways in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Planta. 2005 Sep;222(1):98-106. Epub 2005 May 12.

Studies of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin have revealed that these pathways impinge on each other.
The Daucus carota (L.) Dc3 promoter: uidA (beta-glucuronidase: GUS) chimaeric reporter (ProDc3:GUS) is induced by ABA, osmoticum, and the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vegetative tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
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17203373 Kermode AR, Zeng Y, Hu X, Lauson S, Abrams SR, He X: Ectopic expression of a conifer Abscisic Acid Insensitive3 transcription factor induces high-level synthesis of recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase in transgenic tobacco leaves. Plant Mol Biol. 2007 Apr;63(6):763-76. Epub 2007 Jan 4.

As compared to the natural S-(+)-ABA, two persistent ABA analogues, (+)-8' acetylene ABA and (+)-8'methylene ABA, led to greater levels of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter activities in leaves co-expressing the CnABI3 gene and a vicilin:GUS chimeric gene.
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16395580 Lee SC, Hwang BK: Identification and deletion analysis of the promoter of the pepper SAR8.2 gene activated by bacterial infection and abiotic stresses. Planta. 2006 Jul;224(2):255-67. Epub 2006 Jan 4.

The DNA 1,283 bp sequence upstream of the CASAR82A gene was assessed with regard to the activity of the CASAR82A promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, via an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay.
GUS activity, which was driven by the -831 promoter, was also differentially activated in the leaves as the result of treatment with salicylic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, NaCl, and low temperatures.
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15789205 Jung YC, Lee HJ, Yum SS, Soh WY, Cho DY, Auh CK, Lee TK, Soh HC, Kim YS, Lee SC: Drought-inducible-but ABA-independent-thaumatin-like protein from carrot (Daucus carota L.). Plant Cell Rep. 2005 Aug;24(6):366-73. Epub 2005 Mar 24.

The production of dcTLP transcripts in the seedlings increased dramatically with dehydration treatment but was not affected by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid, or jasmonic acid.
The expression patterns of dcTLP mRNA at different developmental stages and in response to a variety of signal molecules was analyzed using reverse transcriptase-PCR and promoter analysis with fused genes of 0.5-kb 5' upstream sequences in which beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes (gus) were established.
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15618416 Xie Z, Zhang ZL, Zou X, Huang J, Ruas P, Thompson D, Shen QJ: Annotations and functional analyses of the rice WRKY gene superfamily reveal positive and negative regulators of abscisic acid signaling in aleurone cells. Plant Physiol. 2005 Jan;137(1):176-89. Epub 2004 Dec 23.

Using a transient expression system, we have demonstrated that OsWRKY24 and -45 repress ABA induction of the HVA22 promoter-beta-glucuronidase construct, while OsWRKY72 and -77 synergistically interact with ABA to activate this reporter construct.
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15319476 Tran LS, Nakashima K, Sakuma Y, Simpson SD, Fujita Y, Maruyama K, Fujita M, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K: Isolation and functional analysis of Arabidopsis stress-inducible NAC transcription factors that bind to a drought-responsive cis-element in the early responsive to dehydration stress 1 promoter. Plant Cell. 2004 Sep;16(9):2481-98. Epub 2004 Aug 19.

The NAC proteins bound specifically to the CATGTG motif both in vitro and in vivo and activated the transcription of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the 63-bp region containing the CATGTG motif in Arabidopsis T87 protoplasts.
The expression of ANAC019, ANAC055, and ANAC072 was induced by drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid.
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15960623 Masaki T, Tsukagoshi H, Mitsui N, Nishii T, Hattori T, Morikami A, Nakamura K: Activation tagging of a gene for a protein with novel class of CCT-domain activates expression of a subset of sugar-inducible genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2005 Jul;43(1):142-52.

In the current studies, we examined sugar-inducible gene expression using the Arabidopsis thaliana line sGsL, which carries luciferase (LUC) and beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes under the control of a 210-bp promoter derived from the sweet potato sporamin gene (Spo (min)).
Expression of ASML2 was high in reproductive organs, and expression in seedlings was slightly enhanced by sugars, but not by abscisic acid.
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19475419 Qin X, Zheng X, Shao C, Gao J, Jiang L, Zhu X, Yan F, Tang L, Xu Y, Chen F: Stress-induced curcin-L promoter in leaves of Jatropha curcas L. and characterization in transgenic tobacco. Planta. 2009 Jul;230(2):387-95. Epub 2009 May 28.

Its expression could be activated in leaves by treatments with abscisic acid, salicylic acid, polyethylene glycol, temperature 4, 45 degrees C and ultraviolet light.
A 654 bp fragment of a 5' flanking region preceding the curcin-L gene, designated CP2, was cloned from the J. curcas genome and its expression pattern was studied via the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in transgenic tobacco.
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