| Name | androgen receptor |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | AIS; AR; Androgen receptor; DHTR; Dihydrotestosterone receptor; HUMARA; KD; NR3C4… |
| Name | procymidone |
|---|---|
| CAS | 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8331696 | Hosokawa S, Murakami M, Ineyama M, Yamada T, Yoshitake A, Yamada H, Miyamoto J: The affinity of procymidone to androgen receptor in rats and mice. J Toxicol Sci. 1993 May;18(2):83-93. In the competitive binding assay, procymidone showed a significant but lower binding affinity comparing to that of cyproterone acetate, the steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, for the androgen receptor in both rats and mice under the condition that unlabeled (DHT) effectively inhibited the binding of [3H]-DHT to the androgen receptor in both species. |
174(1,4,4,4) | Details |
| 12563111 | Nellemann C, Dalgaard M, Lam HR, Vinggaard AM: The combined effects of vinclozolin and procymidone do not deviate from expected additivity in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Sci. 2003 Feb;71(2):251-62. In vitro both vinclozolin and procymidone significantly inhibited the binding of agonist to the androgen receptor with the concentration that resulted in 50% inhibition (IC (50)) values of 0.1 and 0.6 micro M, respectively. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 8331691 | Hosokawa S, Murakami M, Ineyama M, Yamada T, Koyama Y, Okuno Y, Yoshitake A, Yamada H, Miyamoto J: Effects of procymidone on reproductive organs and serum gonadotropins in male rats. J Toxicol Sci. 1993 May;18(2):111-24. The possible mechanism of ICT production in rats by non-genotoxic procymidone, structurally similar to flutamide, a synthetic non-steroidal antiandrogen, is likely to be derived from its induction of a hypergonadotropism due to the competitive binding to the androgen receptor, preventing the normal effect of to control the circulating level of LH. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10022274 | Gray LE Jr: Xenoendocrine disrupters: laboratory studies on male reproductive effects. Toxicol Lett. 1998 Dec 28;102-103:331-5. We have identified several pesticides (vinclozolin, procymidone, p,p'-DDE) which bind rat and human androgen receptors, block androgen-induced gene expression in vitro and in vivo, delay puberty, reduce sex accessory gland size and alter sex differentiation in the male rat. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10188193 | Ostby J, Kelce WR, Lambright C, Wolf CJ, Mann P, Gray LE Jr: The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat by acting as an androgen-receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health. 1999 Jan-Mar;15(1-2):80-93. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 15686871 | Rosen MB, Wilson VS, Schmid JE, Gray LE: Gene expression analysis in the ventral prostate of rats exposed to vinclozolin or procymidone. Reprod Toxicol. 2005 Jan-Feb;19(3):367-79. Vinclozolin and procymidone are antiandrogens that are thought to share a common androgen receptor (AR) mediated mechanism of action. |
32(0,1,1,2) | Details |
| 18174960 | Hass U, Scholze M, Christiansen S, Dalgaard M, Vinggaard AM, Axelstad M, Metzdorff SB, Kortenkamp A: Combined exposure to anti-androgens exacerbates disruption of sexual differentiation in the rat. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Dec;115 Suppl 1:122-8. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess whether the joint effects of three androgen receptor antagonists (vinclozolin, flutamide, procymidone) on male sexual differentiation after in utero and postnatal exposures can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 20132345 | Kjaerstad MB, Taxvig C, Andersen HR, Nellemann C: Mixture effects of endocrine disrupting compounds in vitro. Int J Androl. 2010 Jan 28. It was found that additive effects on the same molecular target (the androgen receptor; AR) can be predicted for both mixtures of compounds with effect on the AR (flutamide, procymidone and vinclozolin) and of compounds with and without effects on the AR [finasteride, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) prochloraz and vinclozolin]. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18315719 | Christiansen S, Scholze M, Axelstad M, Boberg J, Kortenkamp A, Hass U: Combined exposure to anti-androgens causes markedly increased frequencies of hypospadias in the rat. Int J Androl. 2008 Apr;31(2):241-8. In a mixture (MIX) study with three androgen receptor antagonists, vinclozolin, flutamide and procymidone, rats were gavaged during gestation and lactation with several doses of a MIX of the three chemicals or the chemicals alone. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10910998 | Lambright C, Ostby J, Bobseine K, Wilson V, Hotchkiss AK, Mann PC, Gray LE Jr: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of linuron: an antiandrogenic herbicide that produces reproductive malformations in male rats. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Aug;56(2):389-99. Some, like flutamide, procymidone, or vinclozolin compete with androgens for the androgen receptor (AR), inhibit AR-DNA binding, and alter androgen-dependent gene expression in vivo and in vitro. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 15147789 | Kang IH, Kim HS, Shin JH, Kim TS, Moon HJ, Kim IY, Choi KS, Kil KS, Park YI, Dong MS, Han SY: Comparison of anti-androgenic activity of flutamide, vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, and p, p'-DDE in rodent 10-day Hershberger assay. Toxicology. 2004 Jul 1;199(2-3):145-59. Our results indicate that procymidone may act as a stronger androgen receptor (AR) antagonist than vinclozolin, linuron, or p,p'-DDE. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16876421 | Tamura H, Ishimoto Y, Fujikawa T, Aoyama H, Yoshikawa H, Akamatsu M: Structural basis for androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: interaction of SPEED 98-listed chemicals and related compounds with the androgen receptor based on an in vitro reporter gene assay and 3D-QSAR. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 Nov 1;14(21):7160-74. Epub 2006 Jul 28. A significant CoMFA model with r (2)=0.825 and q (2)=0.332 was developed for AR antagonist activity of 35 pure antagonists excluding procymidone. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10053169 | Vinggaard AM, Joergensen EC, Larsen JC: Rapid and sensitive reporter gene assays for detection of antiandrogenic and estrogenic effects of environmental chemicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Mar 1;155(2):150-60. Chinese Hamster Ovary cells were cotransfected with the human androgen receptor expression vector and the mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) 2-luciferase vector using the new nonliposomal transfection reagent FuGene. The classical antiandrogenic compounds -flutamide, bicalutamide, spironolactone, and cyproterone acetate together with the pesticide (metabolite) s, vinclozolin, p,p'-DDE, and procymidone all potently inhibited the response to 0.1 nM R1881. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17602621 | Kim SB, Kanno A, Ozawa T, Tao H, Umezawa Y: Nongenomic activity of ligands in the association of androgen receptor with SRC. ACS Chem Biol. 2007 Jul 20;2(7):484-92. Epub 2007 Jun 29. On the other hand, procymidone exhibited a specific activity only for the nongenomic signaling pathway of AR. Androgen receptor (AR) induces cell proliferation by increasing the kinase activity of Src. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17420220 | Metzdorff SB, Dalgaard M, Christiansen S, Axelstad M, Hass U, Kiersgaard MK, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A, Vinggaard AM: Dysgenesis and histological changes of genitals and perturbations of gene expression in male rats after in utero exposure to antiandrogen mixtures. Toxicol Sci. 2007 Jul;98(1):87-98. Epub 2007 Apr 9. We investigated the ability of a mixture of three androgen receptor antagonists to induce disruption of male sexual differentiation after perinatal exposure. The aim was to assess whether the joint effects of vinclozolin, flutamide, and procymidone can be predicted based on dose-response data of the individual chemicals. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15589981 | Charles GD, Kan HL, Schisler MR, Bhaskar Gollapudi B, Sue Marty M: A comparison of in vitro and in vivo EDSTAC test battery results for detecting antiandrogenic activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Jan 1;202(1):108-20. The androgen receptor (AR) transactivation, binding, and Hershberger assays are being developed for large-scale screening of chemicals for endocrine activity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation between in vitro and in vivo antiandrogenicity assays using a variety of compounds (p,p'-DDE, flutamide (FLUT), spironolactone, procymidone, RU486, methoxychlor (MXC), benzo (a) pyrene (BAP), and selected metabolites). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15033008 | Zhang GJ, Zheng YF, Zhu HJ, Zhu XQ: [The antiandrogenic effect of dimethachlon and its mechanism] . Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2004 Feb;22(1):15-8. Six-week-old castrated male SD rats were administrated once daily for 7 days with testosterone propionate (TP, 100 micro g/d, sc) plus gavage doses of dimethachlon (50, 100 or 200 mg x kg (-1) x d (-1)), or procymidone (150 or 300 mg x kg (-1) x d (-1), positive control), or iprodione (100 mg x kg (-1) x d (-1), positive control), or flutamide (50 mg x kg (-1) x d (-1), positive control). Human hepatoma liver cells HepG2 were transiently cotransfected with human androgen receptor (AR) expression plasmid and AR-dependent luciferase report plasmid. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10188194 | Gray LE Jr, Wolf C, Lambright C, Mann P, Price M, Cooper RL, Ostby J: Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p,p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat. Toxicol Ind Health. 1999 Jan-Mar;15(1-2):94-118. For example, in utero treatment with the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, produces ventral prostate agenesis and testicular nondescent, while in contrast, finasteride, an inhibitor of 5 alpha- (DHT) synthesis, rarely, if ever, induces such malformations. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11392371 | Gray LE, Ostby J, Furr J, Wolf CJ, Lambright C, Parks L, Veeramachaneni DN, Wilson V, Price M, Hotchkiss A, Orlando E, Guillette L: Effects of environmental antiandrogens on reproductive development in experimental animals. Hum Reprod Update. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):248-64. Chemicals that act as androgen receptor (AR) agonists and antagonists or inhibit fetal steroidogenesis can induce reproductive malformations in humans and laboratory animals. The pesticides vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron and DDT are AR antagonists. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17931804 | Blystone CR, Lambright CS, Furr J, Wilson VS, Gray LE Jr: Iprodione delays male rat pubertal development, reduces serum levels, and decreases ex vivo testicular production. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Nov 1;174(1-3):74-81. Epub 2007 Aug 31. Iprodione (IPRO) is a dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide similar to procymidone and vinclozolin. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 18205796 | Rider CV, Furr J, Wilson VS, Gray LE Jr: A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats. Int J Androl. 2008 Apr;31(2):249-62. Epub 2008 Jan 16. In this study, pregnant rats were exposed to four dilutions of a mixture containing vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, prochloraz, benzyl butyl dibutyl and diethylhexyl during the period of sexual differentiation and male offspring were assessed for effects on hormone sensitive endpoints including: anogenital distance, infant areolae retention and reproductive tract tissue weights and malformations. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 18315717 | Wilson VS, Blystone CR, Hotchkiss AK, Rider CV, Gray LE Jr: Diverse mechanisms of anti-androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development. Int J Androl. 2008 Apr;31(2):178-87. Vinclozolin and procymidone act solely through binding to the AR as antagonists thus blocking the action of androgen at the cellular level but do not affect foetal synthesis or insl3 gene expression. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |