| Name | Acetylcholinesterase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant… |
| Name | propoxur |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3880259 | Raymond M, Fournier D, Berge J, Cuany A, Bride JM, Pasteur N: Single-mosquito test to determine genotypes with an acetylcholinesterase insensitive to inhibition to propoxur insecticide. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1985 Dec;1(4):425-7. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17162951 | Bisset J, Rodriguez MM, Fernandez D: Selection of insensitive acetylcholinesterase as a resistance mechanism in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Santiago de Cuba. J Med Entomol. 2006 Nov;43(6):1185-9. A sample of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) from Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, with a high level of propoxur resistance compared with the reference susceptible Rockefeller strain (12.60 x at the 50% lethal concentration [LC50] and 18.08 at the 90% lethal concentration [LC90]), with a 4.3% frequency of insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) frequency, was subjected to propoxur selection for 13 successive generations to increase the frequency of this resistance mechanism in Ae. aegypti. |
64(0,2,2,4) | Details |
| 17188317 | Kobayashi H, Suzuki T, Sakamoto M, Hashimoto W, Kashiwada K, Sato I, Akahori F, Satoh T: Brain regional acetylcholinesterase activity and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rats after repeated administration of cholinesterase inhibitors and its withdrawal. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Mar;219(2-3):151-61. Epub 2006 Nov 11. Activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and specific binding of [(3) H] quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [(3) H] pirenzepine (PZP) and [(3) H] AF-DX 384 to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) preparations in the striatum, hippocampus and cortex of rats were determined 1, 6 and 11 days after the last treatment with an organophosphate DDVP, a propoxur or a muscarinic agonist oxotremorine as a reference for 7 and 14 days. |
64(0,2,2,4) | Details |
| 19830865 | Li SG: [Differences of acetylcholinesterase level in variety classes and strains of Culex pipiens pallens]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2009 Sep;38(5):511-4. METHODS: AChE insensitivity of single mosquito was determined, using acetythiocholine iodide (ATch) as the substrate, 5,5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) as the developer, and propoxur as the inhibitor. |
43(0,1,2,8) | Details |
| 9805056 | Gonzalez T, Bisset JA, Diaz C, Rodriguez MM, Dieguez L: [The evolution of resistance in a Culex quinquefasciatus strain starting from selection with the pyrethroid insecticide lambdacyhalothrin]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1996;48(3):218-23. There was an increase of the levels of resistance to methyl-pyrimifos (2.4 times), propoxur (6 times), DDT (5.2 times), clorpirifos (22 time), cypermethrin (67.5 times), and deltamethrin (20.2 times). The frequencies of the genes that codify for the elevated esterases enzymes and for the modified acetylcholinesterase reached their maximum value. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16619610 | Casimiro S, Coleman M, Mohloai P, Hemingway J, Sharp B: Insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Mozambique. J Med Entomol. 2006 Mar;43(2):267-75. Low levels of insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase, the target site for carbamates and organophosphates, were found in all populations tested. An. funestus from six localities also were resistant to insecticides propoxur and bendiocarb. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8913110 | Bourguet D, Capela R, Raymond M: An insensitive acetylcholinesterase in Culex pipiens (Diptera:Culicidae) from Portugal. J Econ Entomol. 1996 Oct;89(5):1060-6. For propoxur, the insensitive AChE was the only resistance mechanism detected. |
41(0,1,2,6) | Details |
| 14644616 | Smulders CJ, Bueters TJ, Van Kleef RG, Vijverberg HP: Selective effects of pesticides on rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and rat brain acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Dec 1;193(2):139-46. Conversely, the potency order of these carbamates to inhibit rat brain acetylcholinesterase is bendiocarb > propoxur, aldicarb > carbaryl > EPTC, fenoxycarb with IC50 values ranging from 1 microM for bendiocarb to 17 microM for carbaryl and > mM for EPTC and fenoxycarb. |
34(0,1,1,4) | Details |
| 9615543 | Ben Cheikh H, Ben Ali-Haouas Z, Marquine M, Pasteur N: Resistance to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tunisia. J Med Entomol. 1998 May;35(3):251-60. Resistance to the organophosphates temephos and chlorpyrifos, the propoxur, the pyrethroid permethrin, and the organochloride DDT was investigated in Tunisian populations of Culex pipiens pipiens (L.) collected between 1990 and 1996. To better understand the factors influencing the distribution of resistance in Tunisia, the polymorphism of genes involved in organophosphate resistance (i.e., over-produced esterases and insensitive acetylcholinesterase) was investigated in relation to the genetic structure of populations studied by analyzing the electrophoretic polymorphism of "neutral" genes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 20096355 | Ilg T, Schmalz S, Werr M, Cramer J: Acetylcholinesterases of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis: identification of two distinct genes and biochemical characterization of recombinant and in vivo enzyme activities. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Feb;40(2):153-64. Epub 2010 Jan 21. Recombinant CfAChE1 and CfAChE2 share high sensitivity towards the anti-flea carbamates propoxur and carbaryl, but can be distinguished by their specificity for different acylthiocholine AChE substrates and, particularly, by their differential sensitivity to the non-covalent inhibitor galanthamine. |
34(0,1,1,4) | Details |
| 19259505 | Melstrom PC, Williams PL: Measuring Movement to Determine Physiological Roles of Acetylcholinesterase Classes in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Nematol. 2007 Dec;39(4):317-20. We then compared the sensitivities of the three strains to an AChE inhibitor (propoxur) by generating movement-concentration curves, identifying effective concentrations that decreased movement by 50% (EC (50)), and comparing them. |
33(0,1,1,3) | Details |
| 2019683 | Dary O, Georghiou GP, Parsons E, Pasteur N: Dot-blot test for identification of insecticide-resistant acetylcholinesterase in single insects. J Econ Entomol. 1991 Feb;84(1):28-33. AChE activity is revealed by the Karnovsky & Roots staining technique in the presence of propoxur, or after exposure of the membrane to paraoxon and rinsing with water. |
16(0,0,2,6) | Details |
| 18616921 | Djogbenou L, Akogbeto M, Chandre F: Presence of insensitive acetylcholinesterase in wild populations of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus from Benin. Acta Trop. 2008 Sep;107(3):272-4. Epub 2008 Jun 21. Each population of larvae was selected with propoxur to eliminate susceptible individuals and more easily analyse resistant mosquitoes if the resistance allele is present in the field sample. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 15180375 | Printes LB, Callaghan A: A comparative study on the relationship between acetylcholinesterase activity and acute toxicity in Daphnia magna exposed to anticholinesterase insecticides. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004 May;23(5):1241-7. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in Daphnia magna that had been exposed to four organophosphates (OPs; parathion, chlorpyrifos, malathion, and acephate) and one (propoxur) for 48 h. |
13(0,0,1,8) | Details |
| 10472315 | Leng G, Lewalter J: Role of individual susceptibility in risk assessment of pesticides. Occup Environ Med. 1999 Jul;56(7):449-53. For exposure to propoxur the propoxur concentration in plasma, the 2-isopropoxyphenol concentration in urine, and the cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities were measured. |
13(0,0,2,3) | Details |
| 9216867 | Kallander DB, Fisher SW, Lydy MJ: Recovery following pulsed exposure to organophosphorus and insecticides in the midge, Chironomus riparius. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1997 Jul;33(1):29-33. The importance of recovery following pulsed and continuous exposure was determined by measuring the acute toxicity of two organophosphorus (parathion and malathion) and four (aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran and propoxur) insecticides. Acetylcholinesterase activity in midges given two 1-h pulses of carbaryl separated by 24 h in clean water showed reactivation to control levels between the two exposures. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10727899 | Tomita T, Hidoh O, Kono Y: Absence of protein polymorphism attributable to insecticide-insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase in the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2000 Apr;30(4):325-33. The deduced protein sequence showed the most similarity to that of AChE in the Colorado potato beetle, having common features in the primary AChE structure. cDNA sequences of individual leafhoppers from an insecticide susceptible strain and the resistant strain Nakagawara, whose methylcarbamate-insensitive AChEs show 10 (2) or more I (50) ratio for propoxur, were compared. |
9(0,0,1,4) | Details |
| 2393978 | Cordon-Rosales C, Beach RF, Brogdon WG: Field evaluation of methods for estimating resistance in Anopheles albimanus mosquitos from a microplate assay for insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Bull World Health Organ. 1990;68(3):323-9. The reliability of a published method to predict survivorship in the WHO propoxur-resistance bioassay (WHO test) from the results of a biochemical assay for detecting the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is described. |
9(0,0,1,4) | Details |
| 1768912 | Bisset JA, Rodriguez MM, Hemingway J, Diaz C, Small GJ, Ortiz E: Malathion and pyrethroid resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Cuba: efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl in the presence of at least three resistance mechanisms. Med Vet Entomol. 1991 Apr;5(2):223-8. Use of malathion for mosquito control in Cuba for 7 years up to 1986 has selected for elevated non-specific esterase and altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) resistance mechanisms in populations of the pest mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Samples of Culex quinquefasciatus populations from within a 100 km radius of Havana had high levels of resistance to malathion and lower levels of resistance to propoxur, but there was little or no cross-resistance to the organophosphorus insecticide pirimiphos-methyl. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 3672530 | Pauluhn J, Machemer L, Kimmerle G: Effects of inhaled cholinesterase inhibitors on bronchial tonus and on plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholine esterase activity in rats. Toxicology. 1987 Oct 30;46(2):177-90. The compounds tested were dichlorvos, fenamiphos, methamidophos, parathion, a pyrimidine thiophosphate and the propoxur. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8083479 | Kobayashi H, Sato I, Akatsu Y, Fujii S, Suzuki T, Matsusaka N, Yuyama A: Effects of single or repeated administration of a propoxur, and an organophosphate, DDVP, on jejunal cholinergic activities and contractile responses in rats. J Appl Toxicol. 1994 May-Jun;14(3):185-90. Single treatments: while DDVP and propoxur decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxotremorine and atropine did not. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 11993279 | Pogacnik L, Franko M: Validation of different commercially available cholinesterases for pesticide toxicity test. Ann Chim. 2002 Jan-Feb;92(1-2):93-101. A systematic study of different commercially available cholinesterases (AChEs from electric eel, human erythrocytes, bovine erythrocytes and BuChE from horse serum) for the FIA determination of some frequently used organophosphate (paraoxon, oxydemeton-methyl, triazophos, diazionon) and (carbofuran, propoxur) pesticides was carried out. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 19656357 | Corbel V, Stankiewicz M, Pennetier C, Fournier D, Stojan J, Girard E, Dimitrov M, Molgo J, Hougard JM, Lapied B: Evidence for inhibition of cholinesterases in insect and mammalian nervous systems by the insect repellent deet. BMC Biol. 2009 Aug 5;7:47. Deet is commonly used in combination with insecticides and we show that deet has the capacity to strengthen the toxicity of carbamates, a class of insecticides known to block acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10774652 | Karunaratne SH: Insecticide cross-resistance spectra and underlying resistance mechanisms of Sri Lankan anopheline vectors of malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 Sep;30(3):460-9. Adult mosquitos were individually tested for their insecticide detoxifying enzyme activities and altered target-site, acetylcholinesterase. Adult and larval bioassays were carried out to obtain log-probit mortality lines for malathion, propoxur, permethrin and chlorpyrifos. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7572467 | Mourya DT, Hemingway J, Leake CJ: Post-inoculation changes in enzyme activity of Aedes aegypti infected with Chikungunya virus. Acta Virol. 1995 Feb;39(1):31-5. Levels of acetylcholinesterase, non-specific esterases, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes inoculated intrathoracally with Chikungunya virus were elevated, as compared to uninoculated control insects. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10593083 | Pasteur N, Marquine M, Ben Cheikh H, Bernard C, Bourguet D: A new mechanism conferring unprecedented high resistance to chlorpyrifos in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999 Nov;36(6):794-802. Strains G and T had the same level of propoxur resistance (approximately 1,000-fold) and were homozygous for an autosomal propoux-insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE-1). |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 10668865 | Baxter GD, Green P, Stuttgen M, Barker SC: Detecting resistance to organophosphates and carbamates in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus, with a propoxur-based biochemical test. Exp Appl Acarol. 1999 Nov;23(11):907-14. The test measures the difference in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in homogenates of ticks in the presence and absence of propoxur, a acaricide. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 10084133 | Wirth MC: Isolation and characterization of two novel organophosphate resistance mechanisms in Culex pipiens from Cyprus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1998 Dec;14(4):397-405. Two strains, one expressing the novel, highly active esterases A5 and B5 (strain A5B5-R), and one expressing insensitive acetylcholinesterase (strain Ace-R), were developed by single pair crosses and selection with temephos and propoxur, respectively. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 10722147 | Xavier MP, Vallejo B, Marazuela MD, Moreno-Bondi MC, Baldini F, Falai A: Fiber optic monitoring of pesticides using porous glass with covalently bound chlorophenol red. Biosens Bioelectron. 2000 Feb;14(12):895-905. An optical fiber biosensor for the determination of the pesticides propoxur (Baygon) and carbaryl, two of the most commonly used insecticides in vegetable crops, is described. A pH indicator, chlorophenol red, is used as optical transducer of the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase by the analytes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9685989 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset J, Rodriguez I, Diaz C: [Determination of insecticide resistance and its biochemical mechanisms in 2 strains of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago de Cuba]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1997;49(3):209-14. It was determined by the biochemical tests that there existed a high frequency of the mechanisms of esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 4089884 | Kobayashi H, Yuyama A, Kajita T, Shimura K, Ohkawa T, Satoh K: Effects of insecticidal carbamates on brain content, acetylcholinesterase activity and behavior in mice. Toxicol Lett. 1985 Dec;29(2-3):153-9. Each dose of BPMC or propoxur caused an increase in content and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity in the forebrain of mice at 10 min, followed by an almost complete recovery in the content at 60 min. |
7(0,0,1,2) | Details |
| 8722792 | Bourguet D, Prout M, Raymond M: Dominance of insecticide resistance presents a plastic response. Genetics. 1996 May;143(1):407-16. Dominance level of insecticide resistance provided by one major gene (an insensitive acetylcholinesterase) in the mosquito Culex pipiens was studied in two distinct environments. Dominance level was found to be very different environments, varying from almost complete dominance to almost recessive when either propoxur (a insecticide) or chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus insecticide) was used. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19115232 | Roditakis E, Grispou M, Morou E, Kristoffersen JB, Roditakis N, Nauen R, Vontas J, Tsagkarakou A: Current status of insecticide resistance in Q biotype Bemisia tabaci populations from Crete. Pest Manag Sci. 2009 Mar;65(3):313-22. A propoxur-based AChE diagnostic test indicated that iAChE was widespread in most populations. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 2519652 | Ffrench-Constant RH, Bonning BC: Rapid microtitre plate test distinguishes insecticide resistant acetylcholinesterase genotypes in the mosquitoes Anopheles albimanus, An. nigerrimus and Culex pipiens. Med Vet Entomol. 1989 Jan;3(1):9-16. Propoxur and malaoxon were used as inhibitors. |
6(0,0,0,6) | Details |
| 11311211 | Talesa V, Romani R, Antognelli C, Giovannini E, Rosi G: Soluble and membrane-bound acetylcholinesterases in Mytilus galloprovincialis (Pelecypoda: Filibranchia) from the northern Adriatic sea. Chem Biol Interact. 2001 Apr 16;134(2):151-66. Studies with inhibitors showed low inhibition by eserine and paraoxon, especially on SS forms, high sensitivity to 1,5-bis (4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284c51) and no inhibition with propoxur and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). |
5(0,0,0,5) | Details |
| 9371089 | Vaughan A, Rocheleau T, ffrench-Constant R: Site-directed mutagenesis of an acetylcholinesterase gene from the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti confers insecticide insensitivity. Exp Parasitol. 1997 Nov;87(3):237-44. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 513615 | Hinkle DK, Suggs JE, Jackson MD: Environmental and biological effects of propoxur-impregnated strips within a laboratory animal room. Lab Anim Sci. 1979 Aug;29(4):466-8. The air in the room was monitored for the pesticide, and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was determined periodically. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11522282 | Seth V, Banerjee BD, Bhattacharya A, Pasha ST, Chakravorty AK: Pesticide induced alterations in acetylcholine esterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities and level in lymphocytes of human poisoning cases. Clin Biochem. 2001 Jul;34(5):427-9. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9383065 | Bourguet D, Lenormand T, Guillemaud T, Marcel V, Fournier D, Raymond M: Variation of dominance of newly arisen adaptive genes. Genetics. 1997 Nov;147(3):1225-34. Dominance levels of insecticide resistance conferred by insensitive alleles of the acetylcholinesterase gene were analyzed in five resistant strains of the mosquito Culex pipiens. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 12018585 | Mourya DT, Gokhale MD, Barde PV, Deobagkar DN: Highly-substrate active isoenzyme acetylcholinesterase-II, in rosy eye mutant of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001 Aug;39(8):807-10. However, there was no difference in the percent inhibition of enzyme activity with propoxur in these two strains. |
4(0,0,0,4) | Details |
| 8343987 | Gupta RC, Dettbarn WD: Role of carboxylesterases in the prevention and potentiation of N-methylcarbamate toxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 1993 Jun;87(1-3):295-303. Pretreatment of rats with iso-OMPA one hour prior to each of the N-methylcarbamate insecticides, carbofuran, propoxur, or aldicarb, potentiated the toxicity of these carbamates threefold. None of these compounds alone in the dosage used produced toxic signs; however, carboxylesterase (CarbE) activity in a variety of organs including brain, muscle, liver, and plasma was significantly reduced, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was unchanged. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 15119600 | Corbel V, Raymond M, Chandre F, Darriet F, Hougard JM: Efficacy of insecticide mixtures against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates. Pest Manag Sci. 2004 Apr;60(4):375-80. The efficacy of insecticide mixtures of permethrin (pyrethroid) and propoxur was tested by larval bioassays on two strains of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), one resistant to pyrethroids and the other resistant to carbamates. Nevertheless, antagonism in the R-LAB strain is probably due to a physiological perturbation implying different target sites for pyrethroid (ie sodium channel) and insecticides [ie acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.3.3.7) and choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6)]. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7507502 | Hemingway J, Small GJ, Monro AG: Possible mechanisms of organophosphorus and insecticide resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae) from different geographical areas. J Econ Entomol. 1993 Dec;86(6):1623-30. One strain from Dubai had an altered acetylcholinesterase-based mechanism that conferred broad-spectrum resistance to a range of organophosphates and carbamates. The resistance status of 14 strains of Blattella germanica (L.) from four countries was determined for chlorpyrifos and propoxur compared with a standard reference susceptible strain. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8863521 | Bourguet D, Raymond M, Fournier D, Malcolm CA, Toutant JP, Arpagaus M: Existence of two acetylcholinesterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera:Culicidae). J Neurochem. 1996 Nov;67(5):2115-23. In the insecticide-susceptible strain S-LAB, AChE1 is inhibited by 5 x 10 (-4) M propoxur (a insecticide), whereas AChE2 is resistant. |
3(0,0,0,3) | Details |
| 1488701 | Lee HL, Abimbola O, Singh KI: Determination of insecticide susceptibility in Culex quinquefasciatus Say adults by rapid enzyme microassays. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1992 Sep;23(3):458-63. In the insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test, acetylthiocholine iodide (ACTH) and 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were used as substrate and coupling agent respectively. Test results showed that the color intensity decreased as increasing concentrations of propoxur were added, thereby confirming the susceptibility of the enzyme to inhibitor. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 8723267 | Wirth MC, Georghiou GP: Organophosphate resistance in Culex pipiens from Cyprus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1996 Mar;12(1):112-8. Of 7 populations assessed with the propoxur, all proved to be resistant to different degrees. Resistance was associated with the presence of 5 different overproduced esterases (esterases A1, A2, A5, B2, and B5) as well as an insensitive form of acetylcholinesterase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9813467 | Rodriguez MM, Bisset JA, Mastrapa L, Diaz C: [The association of resistance to organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticides with the mechanisms of resistance observed in Culex quinquefasciatus strains from Ciudad de La Habana province]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1995;47(3):154-60. Increased esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase are still being the major resistance mechanisms in Havana City. Resistance to cholorpirifos was found for the first time in Culex quinquefasciatus, while resistance of malathion and propoxur is maintained, and deterioration to pyrethroid susceptibility is being detected. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9768250 | Diaz C, Bisset JA, Gonzalez T, Rodriguez MM: [Resistance to organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticides in Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) in 2 municipalities of the City of Havana]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1994;46(2):130-2. We determined the resistance of 2 Blattella germanica strains collected in 2 municipalities of City of Havana--Playa (P) and Centro Habana (CH)--to six insecticides: malathion, pyrimiphos-methyl, propoxur, cipermetrine, deltametrine, and lambda cialotrine. Gene frequency of increased esterases and of the modified acetylcholinesterase was determined in the 2 strains. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 3411818 | Kobayashi H, Yuyama A, Ohkawa T, Kajita T: Effect of single or chronic injection with a propoxur, on the brain cholinergic system and behavior of mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1988 May;47(1):21-7. Single injection caused an increase in brain content at 10 and 60 min; and it caused decreases in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at 10, 60 and 180 min, high-affinity uptake into synaptosomes at 10 and 60 min, and [3H] quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding at 10 min without causing any change in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10029921 | Bracco JE, Barata JM, Marinotti O: Evaluation of insecticide resistance and biochemical mechanisms in a population of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1999 Jan-Feb;94(1):115-20. The PIN95 strain showed low levels of resistance to organophosphates [malathion (3.3-fold), fenitrothion (11.2-fold)] and a [propoxur (3.0-fold)]. An alteration in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to insecticide inhibition was also found in the PIN95 mosquitoes. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8980036 | Bourguet D, Pasteur N, Bisset J, Raymond M: Determination of Ace.1 Genotypes in Single Mosquitoes: Toward an Ecumenical Biochemical Test. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 1996 Jun;55(2):122-8. The occurrence of two acetylcholinesterases, AChE1 and AChE2, in the mosquito Culex pipiens has been recently documented. This test involves comparing AChE activities in the absence of insecticide and in the presence of two propoxur concentrations: a low concentration that inhibits only the sensitive AChE1 and a higher concentration that inhibits also AChE2 but not the insensitive AChE1 responsible of insecticide resistance. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9439121 | Chandre F, Darriet F, Doannio JM, Riviere F, Pasteur N, Guillet P: Distribution of organophosphate and resistance in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in West Africa. J Med Entomol. 1997 Nov;34(6):664-71. Of 27 samples from Cote d'Ivoire, 25 also displayed cross resistance to carbamates as shown by a mortality plateau in bioassays with propoxur and carbosulfan (similar to chlorpyrifos). Cross resistance to organophosphates and carbamates was caused by an insensitive acetylcholinesterase allele (AceR). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17568372 | Pethuan S, Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtharatip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewpa D, Rongnoparut P: Biochemical studies of insecticide resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Trop Biomed. 2007 Jun;24(1):7-15. Biochemical analysis was performed on field caught Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes to determine activities of enzymes including mixed function oxidases (MFO), nonspecific esterases (alpha- and beta-), glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The susceptibility to pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin), organophosphate (fenitrothion) and (propoxur) insecticides were revealed in these samples. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18965297 | Quintero MC, Silva M, Perez-Bendito D: Enzymatic determination of N-methylcarbamate pesticides at the nanomolar level by the stopped-flow technique. Talanta. 1991 Nov;38(11):1273-7. It is based on their inhibitory effect on electric eel acetylcholinesterase and the use of 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic) acid (DTNB) as chromogenic reagent for the thiocholine released from the acetylthiocholine iodide substrate. Carbaryl, propoxur and carbofuran can be determined at concentrations in the ranges 6.5-120, 2-15 and 0.1-5.0 ng/ml, respectively, by the proposed method. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8016090 | Mutero A, Pralavorio M, Bride JM, Fournier D: Resistance-associated point mutations in insecticide-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jun 21;91(13):5922-6. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19934164 | Moser VC, McDaniel KL, Phillips PM, Lowit AB: Time-course, dose-response, and age comparative sensitivity of N-methyl carbamates in rats. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Mar;114(1):113-23. Epub 2009 Nov 24. N-Methyl insecticides are reversible inhibitors of central and peripheral acetylcholinesterase (ChE). To study potential age-related differences, we evaluated seven carbamates (carbaryl, carbofuran, formetanate, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, and propoxur) in preweanling (17 days old or postnatal day [PND] 17) male rats. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 16619611 | Casimiro S, Coleman M, Hemingway J, Sharp B: Insecticide resistance in Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae from Mozambique. J Med Entomol. 2006 Mar;43(2):276-82. Increased frequencies of insecticide insensitive acetylcholinesterase, the target site for carbamates and organophosphates, were found in 16 of the populations tested. Low level resistance to the propoxur also was detected in An. arabiensis from two localities. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 10333576 | Rufingier C, Pasteur N, Lagnel J, Martin C, Navajas M: Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Homoptera: Aphididae) from France. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Apr;29(4):385-91. Resistance to pirimicarb was shown to be mainly due to a decreased sensitivity of the target acetylcholinesterase; this modification conferred also, resistance to propoxur but not to methomyl and the two tested organophosphates (acephate and paraoxon). |
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| 7302949 | Costa LG, Hand H, Schwab BW, Murphy SD: Tolerance to the insecticide propoxur. . Toxicology. 1981;21(4):267-78. |
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| 18755020 | Perera MD, Hemingway J, Karunaratne SP: Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka. Malar J. 2008 Aug 28;7:168. METHODS: Adult females were exposed to the WHO discriminating dosages of DDT, malathion, fenitrothion, propoxur, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and etofenprox. The presence of metabolic resistance by esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and monooxygenase-based mechanisms, and the sensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase target site were assessed using synergists, and biochemical, and metabolic techniques. |
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| 17915512 | Djogbenou L, Weill M, Hougard JM, Raymond M, Akogbeto M, Chandre F: Characterization of insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1R) in Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae): resistance levels and dominance. J Med Entomol. 2007 Sep;44(5):805-10. Furthermore, the dominance status varied between semi-recessivity with fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos methyl insecticides to semidominance with temephos, carbosulfan, and propoxur. |
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| 9768235 | Alvarez Montes de Oca DM, Ortiz Losada E, Bisset Lazcano JA, Rodriguez Coto MM: [Mechanisms of resistance to organophosphate insecticides, carbamates, and pyrethroids in populations of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1994;46(1):51-4. Resistance to organophosphorus insecticides (malathion, chlorpyriphos, pyrimiphos-methyl); carbamates (propoxur); and pyrethroids (permethrin, deltametrine, cypermetrine, and lambda cialotrine) was studied in field populations of Musca domestica; results were compared with a susceptible reference strain. Biochemical microplate tests were also carried out to determine the presence of esterase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes in the three populations. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7816740 | Koutsoviti-Papadopoulou M, Kounenis G, Elezoglou V: Ketamine protects acetylcholinesterase against inhibition by propoxur and phoxim. Pharmacol Res. 1994 Aug-Sep;30(2):117-22. |
168(2,2,3,3) | Details |
| 11129708 | Karunaratne SH, Hemingway J: Insecticide resistance spectra and resistance mechanisms in populations of Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. gelidus, in Sri Lanka. Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Dec;14(4):430-6. Propoxur inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (the target site of organophosphates and carbamates) indicated that in 1998, frequencies of insensitive AChE-based resistance were 9% in Cx. gelidus and 2-23% in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, whereas in 1984 this resistance mechanism was detected only in 2% of the latter species from Anaradhapura. |
162(2,2,2,2) | Details |
| 2256706 | Gupta RC, Kadel WL: Toxic interaction of tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide and propoxur: some insights into the mechanisms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1990 Nov-Dec;19(6):917-20. The administration of iso-OMPA followed by propoxur elicited inhibition of AChE to a critical level and produced severe intoxication. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 10414779 | Banerjee BD, Seth V, Bhattacharya A, Pasha ST, Chakraborty AK: Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers. Toxicol Lett. 1999 Jun 30;107(1-3):33-47. Oxidative stress was studied in blood samples obtained from lindane, malathion and propoxur poisoning cases admitted to the Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi and evaluated for lipid peroxidation, free radical (OFR) scavenging enzymes, and (GSH) and related enzymes. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and GSH level were also assayed in lymphocytes. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 18968286 | Pogacnik L, Franko M: Optimisation of FIA system for detection of organophosphorus and pesticides based on cholinesterase inhibition. Talanta. 2001 May 30;54(4):631-41. The sensitivity of the bioanalytical FIA system containing different immobilised cholinesterases (AChEs from electric eel, human erythrocytes, bovine erythrocytes and BuChE from horse serum) for determination of organophosphorus and pesticides was tested. Responses to some frequently used organophosphorus (paraoxon, oxydemeton-methyl, triazophos) and (carbofuran, propoxur) pesticides were found to be dependent on the origin of cholinesterases. |
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| 9768246 | Bisset JA, Rodriguez MM, Dayami L: [Determination of resistance mechanism in Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 and its operational implication in the correct use of insecticides for its control]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1994;46(2):108-14. Resistance to organophosphorous insecticides such as malathion, chlorpyrihos, and pyrimiphos-methyl; pyrethroids such as deltametrine and lambda cialotrine; and the propoxur was determined in 4 strain of Culex quinquefasciatus of the Eastern, Central and Western parts of Cuba. The increase of esterase enzymes was the main mechanism involved in resistance, followed by altered acetylcholinesterase (AChe). |
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| 2132992 | Hemingway J, Callaghan A, Amin AM: Mechanisms of organophosphate and resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Saudi Arabia. Med Vet Entomol. 1990 Jul;4(3):275-82. The resistance has a metabolic basis and confers cross-resistance against the propoxur. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11107890 | Diaz C, Perez M, Rodriguez MM, Calvo E, Bisset JA, Fresneda M: [Resistance to insecticides in Blattella germanica species strains from Santiago de Cuba]. Rev Cubana Med Trop. 2000 Jan-Apr;52(1):24-30. A study was conducted on the level of resistance to seven insecticides, namely, 3 organophosphate compounds (malathion, chlorpyrifos and pirimiphos-methyl), one (propoxur) and 1 pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambdacialotrine) of three field-collected strains of Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, 1767) from Santiago de Cuba. |
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| 8551300 | Mazzarri MB, Georghiou GP: Characterization of resistance to organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticides in field populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1995 Sep;11(3):315-22. Resistance to the organophosphates (OP) temephos, malathion, and pirimiphos methyl, and the propoxur was found to be low (< 5-fold) in 3 Aedes aegypti populations collected from Falcon and Aragua states of Venezuela. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |