Protein Information

Name glutamine synthetase
Synonyms GLNS; GLUL; GS; Glutamate ammonia ligase; Glutamate ammonia ligase; Glutamine synthase; Glutamine synthetase; PIG43…

Compound Information

Name gibberellins
CAS gibberellins

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14735362 Gomez-Maldonado J, Canovas FM, Avila C: Molecular analysis of the 5'-upstream region of a gibberellin-inducible cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene (GS1b) expressed in pine vascular tissue. Planta. 2004 Apr;218(6):1036-45. Epub 2004 Jan 20.

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15341646 Teichert S, Schonig B, Richter S, Tudzynski B: Deletion of the Gibberella fujikuroi glutamine synthetase gene has significant impact on transcriptional control of primary and secondary metabolism. Mol Microbiol. 2004 Sep;53(6):1661-75.

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19679194 Schonig B, Vogel S, Tudzynski B: Cpc1 mediates cross-pathway control independently of Mbf1 in Fusarium fujikuroi. Fungal Genet Biol. 2009 Dec;46(12):898-908. Epub 2009 Aug 11.


The deletion of glnA, encoding the glutamine synthetase (GS), had led to the down-regulation of genes involved in secondary metabolism and up-regulation of cpc1, the cross-pathway control transcription factor.
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17031002 Teichert S, Wottawa M, Schonig B, Tudzynski B: Role of the Fusarium fujikuroi TOR kinase in nitrogen regulation and secondary metabolism. Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Oct;5(10):1807-19.

Interestingly, the expression of most of the TOR target genes has been previously shown to be also affected in the glutamine synthetase mutant, although in the opposite way.
In Fusarium fujikuroi, the biosynthesis of gibberellins (GAs) and bikaverin is under control of AreA-mediated nitrogen metabolite repression.
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18689524 Schonig B, Brown DW, Oeser B, Tudzynski B: Cross-species hybridization with Fusarium verticillioides microarrays reveals new insights into Fusarium fujikuroi nitrogen regulation and the role of AreA and NMR. Eukaryot Cell. 2008 Oct;7(10):1831-46. Epub 2008 Aug 8.

In Fusarium fujikuroi, AreA also controls genes involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellins, a family of diterpenoid plant hormones.
Among the downregulated genes are those involved in nitrogen metabolism, e.g., those encoding glutamine synthetase and nitrogen permeases, but also those involved in secondary metabolism.
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12581353 Mihlan M, Homann V, Liu TW, Tudzynski B: AREA directly mediates nitrogen regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in Gibberella fujikuroi, but its activity is not affected by NMR. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Feb;47(4):975-91.


Overexpression of the nmr-GF gene fused to the strong promoter of the G. fujikuroi glutamine synthetase (gs) gene revealed only a very slight repression of the nitrate reductase (niaD) gene, resulting in weak resistance to chlorate.
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