Protein Information

Name chondroitinase
Synonyms Chondroitinase; Chondroitinsulfatase; GALNAC6S; GALNS; GALNS protein; GAS; GalNAc6S sulfatase; Galactosamine (N acetyl) 6 sulfate sulfatase…

Compound Information

Name sodium chlorate
CAS sodium chlorate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16361307 Gao R, Brigstock DR: A novel integrin alpha5beta1 binding domain in module 4 of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) promotes adhesion and migration of activated pancreatic stellate cells. Gut. 2006 Jun;55(6):856-62. Epub 2005 Dec 16.

Adhesion studies were performed in the presence of EDTA, divalent cations, anti-integrin alpha5beta1 antibodies, CCN2 synthetic peptides, or heparin, or after pretreatment of the cells with heparinase, chondroitinase, or sodium chlorate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
17081280 Djanani A, Mosheimer B, Kaneider NC, Ross CR, Ricevuti G, Patsch JR, Wiedermann CJ: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan-dependent neutrophil chemotaxis toward PR-39 cathelicidin. J Inflamm. 2006 Nov 2;3:14.

Modification of heparan sulfate proteoglycans with sodium chlorate inhibited migration whereas chemotaxis toward the chemoattractant formyl-Met-Leu-Phe was not affected.
Removal of heparan sulfates or chondroitin sulfates from the surface of neutrophils by heparinase or chondroitinase inhibited migration toward PR-39.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9307034 Smeland S, Kolset SO, Lyon M, Norum KR, Blomhoff R: Binding of perlecan to transthyretin in vitro. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 15;326 ( Pt 3):829-36.

Structural analyses with chondroitinase ABC lyase and nitrous acid revealed that approx. 20% was chondroitin sulphate and 80% heparan sulphate.
Because inhibition of sulphation by treating HepG2 cells with sodium chlorate increased the affinity of the perlecan for transthyretin, and [3H] heparin was not retained by the transthyretin affinity column, the binding is probably mediated by the core protein and is not a protein-glycosaminoglycan interaction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18322173 den Dekker E, Grefte S, Huijs T, ten Dam GB, Versteeg EM, van den Berk LC, Bladergroen BA, van Kuppevelt TH, Figdor CG, Torensma R: Monocyte cell surface glycosaminoglycans positively modulate IL-4-induced differentiation toward dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2008 Mar 15;180(6):3680-8.

Inhibition of sulfation of monocyte/DC cell surface GAGs by sodium chlorate reduced the reactivity of sulfate-recognizing single-chain Abs.
Furthermore, removal of cell surface chondroitin sulfates by chondroitinase ABC strongly impaired IL-4-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, whereas removal of HS by heparinase III had only a weak inhibitory effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16908205 Shortkroff S, Yates KE: Alteration of matrix glycosaminoglycans diminishes articular chondrocytes' response to a canonical Wnt signal. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Feb;15(2):147-54. Epub 2006 Sep 5.

In some experiments, chondrocyte cultures were treated with sodium chlorate (NaClO3) to inhibit GAG sulfation, or with chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) to digest chondroitin sulfate (CS) in the matrix.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
11549250 Kaneider NC, Egger P, Dunzendorfer S, Wiedermann CJ: Syndecan-4 as antithrombin receptor of human neutrophils. . Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Sep 14;287(1):42-6.

In vitro effects of antithrombin on human neutrophil migration in modified Boyden chambers were abolished by pretreating cells with heparinase-1, chondroitinase, sodium chlorate, and anti-syndecan-4 antibodies.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
11801740 Kaneider NC, Reinisch CM, Dunzendorfer S, Romisch J, Wiedermann CJ: Syndecan-4 mediates antithrombin-induced chemotaxis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. J Cell Sci. 2002 Jan 1;115(Pt 1):227-36.

Effects of antithrombin were abolished by pretreating cells with heparinase-1, chondroitinase, sodium chlorate and anti-syndecan-4 antibodies.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
14705951 Kaneider NC, Dunzendorfer S, Wiedermann CJ: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are involved in opiate receptor-mediated cell migration. Biochemistry. 2004 Jan 13;43(1):237-44.

Chemotactic properties were abolished by pretreating cells with heparinase, chondroitinase, sodium chlorate, and anti-syndecan-4 antibodies, indicating the involvement of syndecan-4.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15144459 Feistritzer C, Kaneider NC, Sturn DH, Wiedermann CJ: Syndecan-4-dependent migration of human eosinophils. . Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 May;34(5):696-703.

The effects of anti-thrombin III were abolished by pre-treating cells with heparinase-1, chondroitinase, sodium chlorate and anti-syndecan-4 antibodies.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9560300 Halvorsen B, Aas UK, Kulseth MA, Drevon CA, Christiansen EN, Kolset SO: Proteoglycans in macrophages: characterization and possible role in the cellular uptake of lipoproteins. Biochem J. 1998 May 1;331 ( Pt 3):743-52.


Removal of cell-surface chondroitin sulphate with chondroitinase ABC decreased only the binding of native 125I-TC-LDL, whereas removal of heparan sulphate with heparitinase decreased the binding of both oxidized and native 125I-TC-LDL.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8901584 Mislick KA, Baldeschwieler JD: Evidence for the role of proteoglycans in cation-mediated gene transfer. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 29;93(22):12349-54.

Treatment of HeLa cells with sodium chlorate, a potent inhibitor of proteoglycan sulfation, reduced luciferase expression by 69%.
Cellular treatment with heparinase and chondroitinase ABC inhibited expression by 78% and 20% with respect to control cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12922982 Shannon JM, McCormick-Shannon K, Burhans MS, Shangguan X, Srivastava K, Hyatt BA: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are required for lung growth and morphogenesis in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):L1323-36. Epub 2003 Aug 15.

Treatment of lung tips and tissue recombinants with chondroitinase ABC abolished branching morphogenesis.
We have investigated the role of sulfated PGs in early rat lung development by treating cultured tissues with 30 mM sodium chlorate, a global inhibitor of PG sulfation.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10081487 Tsuiji H, Hayashi M, Wynn DM, Irimura T: Expression of mucin-associated sulfo-Lea carbohydrate epitopes on human colon carcinoma cells. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1998 Dec;89(12):1267-75.

Sixteen cell lines were found to produce high M (r) components that metabolically incorporated [35S] sulfate and were resistant to heparitinase I and chondroitinase ABC, and 8 of them were reactive with mAb 91.9H as shown by western blotting analysis.
Sodium chlorate, which inhibits the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, also inhibited the [35S] sulfate incorporation and reactivity with mAb 91.9H.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8948051 Iversen N, Sandset PM, Abildgaard U, Torjesen PA: Binding of tissue factor pathway inhibitor to cultured endothelial cells-influence of glycosaminoglycans. Thromb Res. 1996 Nov 15;84(4):267-78.


Treatment of the cells with heparinase III, with chondroitinase ABC lyase, or with sodium chlorate (to prevent sulfation) did not influence the binding of TFPI.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8728315 Tam SP, Zhang X, Koschinsky ML: Interaction of a recombinant form of apolipoprotein [a] with human fibroblasts and with the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. J Lipid Res. 1996 Mar;37(3):518-33.


The addition of alpha 2-macroglobulin as well as treatment with heparinase, chondroitinase ABC, and sodium chlorate did not decrease total specific binding of r-apo [a], suggesting that neither the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein nor cell surface proteoglycans are involved in r-apo [a] clearance.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8096145 Patel M, Yanagishita M, Roderiquez G, Bou-Habib DC, Oravecz T, Hascall VC, Norcross MA: Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediates HIV-1 infection of T-cell lines. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1993 Feb;9(2):167-74.


Sulfation of glycosaminoglycans HS chains was critical to viral entry as shown by inhibition of viral infection with sodium chlorate and its specific reversal with exogenous sulfate addition.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9837867 Allen S, Khan S, Tam S, Koschinsky M, Taylor P, Yacoub M: Expression of adhesion molecules by lp (a): a potential novel mechanism for its atherogenicity. FASEB J. 1998 Dec;12(15):1765-76.


Addition of alpha2-macroglobulin as well as treatment with heparinase, chondroitinase ABC, and sodium chlorate did not decrease levels of VCAM-1 and E-selectin stimulated by Lp (a), suggesting that neither the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein nor cell-surface proteoglycans are involved in Lp (a)-induced adhesion molecule production.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7605368 Sehayek E, Olivecrona T, Bengtsson-Olivecrona G, Vlodavsky I, Levkovitz H, Avner R, Eisenberg S: Binding to heparan sulfate is a major event during catabolism of lipoprotein lipase by HepG2 and other cell cultures. Atherosclerosis. 1995 Apr 7;114(1):1-8.


LPL metabolism in HepG2 cells was characterized by a high capacity to degrade the enzyme, an extremely high sensitivity to heparin and was inhibited by 60%-70% after treatment of the cells with sodium chlorate and heparinase (but not chondroitinase).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
12871949 Ben-Zaken O, Tzaban S, Tal Y, Horonchik L, Esko JD, Vlodavsky I, Taraboulos A: Cellular heparan sulfate participates in the metabolism of prions. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 10;278(41):40041-9. Epub 2003 Jul 18.


The inhibitor of sulfation, sodium chlorate, vastly reduces PrPSc in ScN2a cells (Gabizon, R., Meiner, Z., Halimi, M., and Ben-Sasson, S.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7789280 Davies J, Lyon M, Gallagher J, Garrod D: Sulphated proteoglycan is required for collecting duct growth and branching but not nephron formation during kidney development. Development. 1995 May;121(5):1507-17.


However, sodium chlorate, an inhibitor of GAG sulphation, and the GAG-degrading enzymes heparitinase plus chondroitinase, did not prevent nephron development.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8985938 Ohshiro Y, Murakami T, Matsuda K, Nishioka K, Yoshida K, Yamamoto N: Role of cell surface glycosaminoglycans of human T cells in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Microbiol Immunol. 1996;40(11):827-35.


Heparitinase I (hep I) and sodium chlorate prevented binding of HIV-1/IIIB to MT-4 cells as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence procedures, thereby inhibiting infection.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9643358 Galeano NF, Al-Haideri M, Keyserman F, Rumsey SC, Deckelbaum RJ: Small dense low density lipoprotein has increased affinity for LDL receptor-independent cell surface binding sites: a potential mechanism for increased atherogenicity. J Lipid Res. 1998 Jun;39(6):1263-73.


Similarly, preincubation of receptor-negative fibroblasts with sodium chlorate, an inhibitor of proteoglycan sulfation, decreased LDL binding by about 45%.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7840621 Chintala SK, Miller RR, McDevitt CA: Role of heparan sulfate in the terminal differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jan 10;316(1):227-34.


Treatment of growth plate chondrocytes with sodium chlorate, a reversible inhibitor of glycosaminoglycan sulfation, resulted in terminal differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes even in the presence of bFGF at concentrations that normally repress their differentiation.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9930659 Damiens E, El Yazidi I, Mazurier J, Elass-Rochard E, Duthille I, Spik G, Boilly-Marer Y: Role of heparan sulphate proteoglycans in the regulation of human lactoferrin binding and activity in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Eur J Cell Biol. 1998 Dec;77(4):344-51.


To investigate the potential regulation of lactoferrin activity by proteoglycans expressed on the MDA-MB-231 cells, we treated these cells with glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes or sodium chlorate, a metabolic inhibitor of proteoglycan sulphation.
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