Protein Information

Name HSPG
Synonyms Basement membrane specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein; HSPG; Basement membrane specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein precursor; Endorepellin domain V region; HSPG 2; HSPG2; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan of basement membrane…

Compound Information

Name sodium chlorate
CAS sodium chlorate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12423248 Deguchi Y, Okutsu H, Okura T, Yamada S, Kimura R, Yuge T, Furukawa A, Morimoto K, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuki S, Hosoya K, Terasaki T: Internalization of basic fibroblast growth factor at the mouse blood-brain barrier involves perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. J Neurochem. 2002 Oct;83(2):381-9.

Moreover, the heparin-resistant binding of [125I] bFGF in TM-BBB4 cells was significantly reduced by 50% following treatment with sodium chlorate, suggesting the loss of perlecan (a core protein of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, HSPG) from the extracellular matrix of the cells.
37(0,1,1,7) Details
9748322 Sperinde GV, Nugent MA: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans control intracellular processing of bFGF in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochemistry. 1998 Sep 22;37(38):13153-64.

HSPG-deficient VSMC were generated by treating cells with sodium chlorate to inhibit the sulfation of HSPG.
88(1,1,1,8) Details
7577706 Laslett AL, McFarlane JR, Hearn MT, Risbridger GP: Requirement for heparan sulphate proteoglycans to mediate basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-induced stimulation of Leydig cell steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Sep;54(5-6):245-50.

This stimulatory action on basal steroidogenesis is mediated through HSPG, as it was blocked by the addition of heparin (100 micrograms/ml), sodium chlorate (25mM) and protamine sulphate (5 micrograms/ml).
83(1,1,1,3) Details
9191974 Laslett AL, McFarlane JR, Risbridger GP: Developmental response by Leydig cells to acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1997 Feb;60(3-4):171-9.

These effects were mediated by heparan sulphate-proteoglycans (HSPG), as they were blocked by the addition of protamine sulphate and sodium chlorate.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
1484387 Kallapur SG, Akeson RA: The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) heparin binding domain binds to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. J Neurosci Res. 1992 Dec;33(4):538-48.

Furthermore, inhibition of HSPG sulfation with sodium chlorate also decreased the adhesion of B35 cells to the HBD peptide.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
8986623 Delehedde M, Deudon E, Boilly B, Hondermarck H: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a dual role in regulating fibroblast growth factor-2 mitogenic activity in human breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res. 1996 Dec 15;229(2):398-406.

To investigate the potential regulation of FGF-2 mitogenic activity by heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), we have treated human breast cancer cells by glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes or a metabolic inhibitor of proteoglycan sulfation: sodium chlorate.
35(0,1,1,5) Details
10736179 Sperinde GV, Nugent MA: Mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 2 intracellular processing: a kinetic analysis of the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Biochemistry. 2000 Apr 4;39(13):3788-96.

HSPG-deficient cells were generated by treatment with sodium chlorate.
12(0,0,1,7) Details
12761845 Ford-Perriss M, Turner K, Guimond S, Apedaile A, Haubeck HD, Turnbull J, Murphy M: Localisation of specific heparan sulfate proteoglycans during the proliferative phase of brain development. Dev Dyn. 2003 Jun;227(2):170-84.

We find that FGF2 stimulation of proliferation is inhibited in the presence of sodium chlorate, an inhibitor of heparan sulfate synthesis, and is rescued by addition of exogenous heparan sulfate.
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that signalling of these molecules requires the presence of heparan sulfate chains attached to a proteoglycan core protein (HSPG).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
12867431 Barth H, Schafer C, Adah MI, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Toyoda H, Kinoshita-Toyoda A, Toida T, Van Kuppevelt TH, Depla E, Von Weizsacker F, Blum HE, Baumert TF: Cellular binding of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein E2 requires cell surface heparan sulfate. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 17;278(42):41003-12. Epub 2003 Jul 16.


Using recombinant envelope glycoprotein E2 and virus-like particles as ligands for cellular binding, we demonstrate that cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) play an important role in mediating HCV envelope-target cell interaction.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
9307034 Smeland S, Kolset SO, Lyon M, Norum KR, Blomhoff R: Binding of perlecan to transthyretin in vitro. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 15;326 ( Pt 3):829-36.

Because inhibition of sulphation by treating HepG2 cells with sodium chlorate increased the affinity of the perlecan for transthyretin, and [3H] heparin was not retained by the transthyretin affinity column, the binding is probably mediated by the core protein and is not a protein-glycosaminoglycan interaction.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
8652906 Delehedde M, Deudon E, Boilly B, Hondermarck H: [Involvement of sulfated proteoglycans in the control of proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells]. Bull Cancer. 1996 Feb;83(2):129-34.

Our results showed that MCF-7 cells were unsensitive to FGF-2 after enzymatic degradation of heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) by heparinase.
Sodium chlorate treatment reduced by 70% sulfation of proteoglycans.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16507142 Santiago B, Baleux F, Palao G, Gutierrez-Canas I, Ramirez JC, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Pablos JL: CXCL12 is displayed by rheumatoid endothelial cells through its basic amino-terminal motif on heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(2):R43. Epub 2006 Feb 3.

The phenomenon relates to the interaction of HSPGs with a CXCL12 domain with net positive surface charge located in the first beta strand, which encompasses a canonical BXBB HSPG-binding motif.
Desulfation of RA EC HSPGs by pretreatment with sodium chlorate, or by replacing in a synthetic CXCL12alpha the residues Lys24 and Lys27 by Ser (CXCL12alpha-K2427S), decreased or abrogated the ability of the chemokine to bind to RA ECs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11856308 Brucato S, Bocquet J, Villers C: Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans: target and partners of the basic fibroblast growth factor in rat Sertoli cells. Eur J Biochem. 2002 Jan;269(2):502-11.

This report shows that the bFGF regulation of their expression specifically depends on the nature of HSPG and of the Sertoli cell developmental stage.
Indeed, sodium chlorate, described to drastically decrease proteoglycan sulfation, abolishes the bFGF downregulation of FSH-stimulated estradiol synthesis previously observed.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15144459 Feistritzer C, Kaneider NC, Sturn DH, Wiedermann CJ: Syndecan-4-dependent migration of human eosinophils. . Clin Exp Allergy. 2004 May;34(5):696-703.

The effects of anti-thrombin III were abolished by pre-treating cells with heparinase-1, chondroitinase, sodium chlorate and anti-syndecan-4 antibodies.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of transgenic, recombinant anti-thrombin III and Kybernin P, an anti-thrombin III concentrate, as HSPG ligands on spontaneous and chemokine-triggered migration of normal eosinophils from human peripheral blood in modified Boyden chamber micropore filter assays.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9144091 Seo T, St Clair RW: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate internalization and degradation of beta-VLDL and promote cholesterol accumulation by pigeon macrophages. J Lipid Res. 1997 Apr;38(4):765-79.


Thus, binding of beta-VLDL to low affinity, high capacity HSPG binding sites on pigeon macrophages appears to directly promote internalization and degradation and is largely responsible for the greater ability of rabbit beta-VLDL to stimulate cholesterol accumulation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14684735 Gao R, Brigstock DR: Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) induces adhesion of rat activated hepatic stellate cells by binding of its C-terminal domain to integrin alpha (v) beta (3) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 5;279(10):8848-55. Epub 2003 Dec 17.

Furthermore, by peptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis we demonstrated that the sequence IRTPKISKPIKFELSG within CCN2 (4) is a unique binding domain for integrin alpha (v) beta (3) that is sufficient to mediate integrin alpha (v) beta (3)- and HSPG-dependent HSC adhesion.
Third, destruction or inhibition of synthesis of cell surface HSPGs with, respectively, heparinase or sodium chlorate abrogated HSC adhesion to CCN2 (4).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9930659 Damiens E, El Yazidi I, Mazurier J, Elass-Rochard E, Duthille I, Spik G, Boilly-Marer Y: Role of heparan sulphate proteoglycans in the regulation of human lactoferrin binding and activity in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Eur J Cell Biol. 1998 Dec;77(4):344-51.

To investigate the potential regulation of lactoferrin activity by proteoglycans expressed on the MDA-MB-231 cells, we treated these cells with glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes or sodium chlorate, a metabolic inhibitor of proteoglycan sulphation.
Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of adequately sulphated molecules, in particular HSPG, is important for lactoferrin interaction and activity on the breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8663512 Fannon M, Nugent MA: Basic fibroblast growth factor binds its receptors, is internalized, and stimulates DNA synthesis in Balb/c3T3 cells in the absence of heparan sulfate. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 26;271(30):17949-56.

We have investigated the interaction of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) with its receptors and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG).
In our studies, Balb/c3T3 fibroblasts were treated with 50 mM sodium chlorate to completely inhibit (99%) sulfation of proteoglycans.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12810721 Fuki IV, Blanchard N, Jin W, Marchadier DH, Millar JS, Glick JM, Rader DJ: Endogenously produced endothelial lipase enhances binding and cellular processing of plasma lipoproteins via heparan sulfate proteoglycan-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):34331-8. Epub 2003 Jun 16.


Inhibition of proteoglycan sulfation by sodium chlorate or incubation of cells with labeled lipoproteins in the presence of heparin (100 microg/ml) abolished bridging effects of EL.
0(0,0,0,0) Details