Protein Information

Name superoxide dismutase
Synonyms IPO B; Indophenoloxidase B; MNSOD; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Manganese containing superoxide dismutase; Mangano superoxide dismutase; Mn superoxide dismutase; Mn SOD…

Compound Information

Name eugenol
CAS 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)phenol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17329831 Kabuto H, Tada M, Kohno M: Eugenol [2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenol] prevents 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopamine depression and lipid peroxidation inductivity in mouse striatum. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Mar;30(3):423-7.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
7844474 Wright SE, Baron DA, Heffner JE: Intravenous eugenol causes hemorrhagic lung edema in rats: proposed oxidant mechanisms. J Lab Clin Med. 1995 Feb;125(2):257-64.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
10865886 Vidhya N, Devaraj SN: Antioxidant effect of eugenol in rat intestine. . Indian J Exp Biol. 1999 Dec;37(12):1192-5.

The level of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were found to be near normal on eugenol treatment.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
8385635 Tsujimoto Y, Hashizume H, Yamazaki M: Superoxide radical scavenging activity of phenolic compounds. Int J Biochem. 1993 Apr;25(4):491-4.

The inhibitory effect on O2-. generation occurred in the order: superoxide dismutase (SOD) > L-ascorbic acid > eugenol > guaiacol > phenol. 3.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
8394839 Krishnakantha TP, Lokesh BR: Scavenging of superoxide anions by spice principles. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1993 Apr;30(2):133-4.

The superoxide anions, as measured by nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) reduction in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, were inhibited by superoxide dismutase, spice principles eugenol (cloves) and cuminaldehyde (cumin), antioxidants, butylated hydroxy toluene and butylated hydroxyanisole in a dose-dependent manner.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19769960 Kar Mahapatra S, Chakraborty SP, Majumdar S, Bag BG, Roy S: Eugenol protects nicotine-induced superoxide mediated oxidative damage in murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 25;623(1-3):132-40. Epub 2009 Sep 19.

A dose-dependent protective effect was observed with all doses of eugenol and N-acetylcysteine, as evidenced by decreased level of superoxide anion generation and malondialdehyde, and also increased level of reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activity.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16640638 Ho YC, Huang FM, Chang YC: Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of eugenol in human osteoblastic cells in vitro. Int Endod J. 2006 May;39(5):389-93.

Furthermore, the effects of antioxidants catalase (scavenger of H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD, an extracellular superoxide free radical scavenger) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a cell-permeable glutathione precursor) were added to discover the possible mechanisms of eugenol-induced cytotoxicity.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11424226 Rauscher FM, Sanders RA, Watkins JB 3rd: Effects of isoeugenol on oxidative stress pathways in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2001;15(3):159-64.


Liver, kidney, brain, and heart were assayed for degree of lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione content, and activities of the free radical-detoxifying enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
14704856 Jeng JH, Wang YJ, Chang WH, Wu HL, Li CH, Uang BJ, Kang JJ, Lee JJ, Hahn LJ, Lin BR, Chang MC: Reactive oxygen species are crucial for hydroxychavicol toxicity toward KB epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Jan;61(1):83-96.


N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 mM), superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml) and catalase (1000 U/ml) were effective in prevention of HC-induced GSH depletion (as indicated by chloromethylfluorescein fluorescence), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19580014 Thobunluepop P, Pan-in W, Pawelzik E, Vearasilp S: The perspective effects of various seed coating substances on rice seed variety Khao Dawk Mali 105 storability II: the case study of chemical and biochemical properties. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009 Apr 1;12(7):574-81.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seed coating substances; chemical fungicide (CA) and biological fungicide polymers [chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (CL) and eugenol incorporated into chitosan-lignosulphonate polymer (E+CL)] on chemical and biochemical changes of rice seeds cv.
In the case of biological fungicide coated seeds, the antioxidative scavenging enzymes were ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and a high antioxidant activity protected them.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8921515 Lee-Chen SF, Chen CL, Ho LY, Hsu PC, Chang JT, Sun CM, Chi CW, Liu TY: Role of oxidative DNA damage in hydroxychavicol-induced genotoxicity. . Mutagenesis. 1996 Sep;11(5):519-23.


This increase in revertants was partially inhibited by catalase and superoxide dismutase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15934011 Huang FM, Chou LS, Chou MY, Chang YC: Protective effect of NAC on formaldehyde-containing-ZOE-based root-canal-sealers-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and cytotoxicity in human osteoblastic cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005 Aug;74(2):768-73.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on N2- and endomethasone-induced COX-2 mRNA gene and cytotoxicity in human osteoblastic cell line U2OS cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20104265 Suanarunsawat T, Devakul Na Ayutthaya W, Songsak T, Thirawarapan S, Poungshompoo S: Antioxidant Activity and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Essential Oils Extracted from Ocimum sanctum L. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010 Jan;46(1):52-9. Epub 2009 Dec 29.

The results showed that phenyl propanoid compounds including eugenol and methyl eugenol were the major constituents of EO.
In addition, EO was found to decrease the high levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) without impacting catalase (CAT) in the cardiac tissue while in the liver, it decreased high level of TBARS without significantly effecting GPx, SOD and CAT.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14750197 Farag RS, Shalaby AS, El-Baroty GA, Ibrahim NA, Ali MA, Hassan EM: Chemical and biological evaluation of the essential oils of different Melaleuca species. Phytother Res. 2004 Jan;18(1):30-5.

The essential oil of M. armillaris exhibited a marked antioxidant effect, it improved vitamin E, vitamin C and superoxide dismutase parameters so it can be used as a free radical suppressor.
The essential oil of M. ericifolia contained methyl eugenol (96.84%) as a major constituent, whereas M. leucadendron was rich in 1,8-cineole (64.30%).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16444593 Choudhary R, Mishra KP, Subramanyam C: Interrelations between oxidative stress and calcineurin in the attenuation of cardiac apoptosis by eugenol. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Feb;283(1-2):115-22.

In comparison to unstimulated controls, cardiomyocytes stimulated with 50 microM isoproterenol for 48 h demonstrated (a) increased intracellular Ca (2+) levels (b) oxidative stress involving enhanced reactive oxygen species, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (c) apoptosis, evidenced by increased number of annexin V/TUNEL positive cells, enhanced membrane fluidity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased activities of caspase 3 and 9 along with (d) increased calcineurin activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details