Protein Information

Name thromboplastin
Synonyms CD142; TF; F3; CD142 antigen; Coagulation Factor 3; Coagulation factor III; TFA; Thromboplastin…

Compound Information

Name warfarin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18716776 Kamali F, Wood P, Ward A: Vitamin K deficiency amplifies anticoagulation response to ximelagatran: possible implications for direct thrombin inhibitors and their clinical safety. Ann Hematol. 2009 Feb;88(2):141-9. Epub 2008 Aug 21.

Ximelagatran and warfarin increased prothrombin time (PT) by 1.4- and 1.3-fold, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) by 1.8- and 1.4-fold and ecarin clotting time (ECT) by 6.8- and 1.2-fold, respectively, in rats on normal diet.
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20218902 Dimeski G, Masci PP, Trabi M, Lavin MF, de Jersey J: Evaluation of the Becton-Dickinson rapid serum tube: does it provide a suitable alternative to lithium heparin plasma tubes?. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2010 Mar 11.

Incomplete and latent clotting was encountered in the RST specimens from participants (cardiac and dialysis) who had received a total of > 7000 units of heparin [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) > 150 s], warfarin/heparin combination, and specimens from cardiac surgery patients who had received a total of > 25,000 units of heparin (APTT > 200 s) at the time of collection of specimens.
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18285276 Gardiner C, Longair I, Hills J, Cohen H, Mackie IJ, Machin SJ: Performance evaluation of a new small-volume coagulation monitor: the SmartCheck INR system. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008 Mar;129(3):500-4.

Comparability was assessed in 68 patients receiving warfarin by using PTHS Plus (Instrumentation Laboratory, Lexington, MA) and Innovin (Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany) thromboplastins.
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18385150 Lazo-Langner A, Villa-Marquez R, Hernandez-Hernandez D, Rojas-Maya S, Piedras J: Intrahospital correlation of the international normalized ratio. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2009 Mar-Apr;15(2):220-4. Epub 2008 Apr 1.

These results are clearly inadequate for clinical use because such a variation would most probably induce the clinician to make a change in warfarin dose.
However, thromboplastins have different responsiveness and sensitivity to vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors depletion.
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19955244 Bauer SR, Ou NN, Dreesman BJ, Armon JJ, Anderson JA, Cha SS, Oyen LJ: Effect of body mass index on bleeding frequency and activated partial thromboplastin time in weight-based dosing of unfractionated heparin: a retrospective cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009 Dec;84(12):1073-8.

Patients were excluded if they concomitantly received a fibrinolytic, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, or any other antithrombotic agent (except warfarin).
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19330428 Wei Y, Zheng D, Xiao L, Shi B: Comparison of modes of prothrombin time reporting in patients with advanced liver disease associated with viral hepatitis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2010 Jan;29(1):81-6. Epub 2009 Mar 28.

Variability in thromboplastin reagents leads to large intralaboratory and interlaboratory differences in PT results.
METHODS: we prospectively collected blood samples from 61 patients with advanced liver disease associated with viral hepatitis, control patients were on warfarin (n = 20).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19572081 Greenway A, Ignjatovic V, Summerhayes R, Newall F, Burgess J, DeRosa L, Monagle P: Point-of-care monitoring of oral anticoagulation therapy in children. Thromb Haemost. 2009 Jul;102(1):159-65.


Comparison of the CoaguChek XS system with venous INR and venous INR using an International Reference Thromboplastin preparation (rTF/95)..
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18392695 Lessiani G, Falco A, Nicolucci E, Rolandi G, Davi G: Deep venous thrombosis and previous myocardial infarction in mild factor XII deficiency: a risk factor for both venous and arterial thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2009 Apr;27(3):348-51. Epub 2008 Apr 6.

Tests of haemostasis documented a slightly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (45'') due to mild factor XII deficiency (clotting activity 32%).
A therapeutic dose of enoxaparin was started, together with warfarin therapy.
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20337814 Di Giacomo TB, Hussein TP, Souza DG, Criado PR: Frequency of thrombophilia determinant factors in patients with livedoid vasculopathy and treatment with anticoagulant drugs - a prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Mar 13.

Methods Thirty-four LV patients were tested for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin activity, protein C and S activity, anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, prothrombin gene mutation, factor V Leiden mutation, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation, plasma homocysteine and fibrinogen.
Thirteen of these patients were treated with anticoagulant drugs (either warfarin or heparin).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19338378 Hursting MJ, Soffer J: Reducing harm associated with anticoagulation: practical considerations of argatroban therapy in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Drug Saf. 2009;32(3):203-18. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200932030-00003.

The US FDA-recommended argatroban dose in HIT is 2 microg/kg/min (reduced in patients with hepatic impairment and in paediatric patients), adjusted to achieve activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs) 1.5-3 times baseline (not > 100 seconds).
Argatroban prolongs the International Normalized Ratio, and published approaches for monitoring the argatroban-to-warfarin transition should be followed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19516255 Wajima T, Isbister GK, Duffull SB: A comprehensive model for the humoral coagulation network in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Sep;86(3):290-8. Epub 2009 Jun 10.

The model accurately describes the time courses of coagulation factors following in vivo activation as well as in vitro blood coagulation tests of prothrombin time (PT, often reported as international normalized ratio (INR)) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).
The model predicts the concentration-time and time-effect profiles of warfarin, heparins, and vitamin K in humans.
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18411803 Naito S, Ieko M, Yoshida M, Tarumi T, Nakabayashi T, Nishio H, Atsumi T: [Study on usefulness of different APTT test kit in variable coagulopathy] . Rinsho Byori. 2008 Mar;56(3):195-202.

A number of test kits are available for measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and are used to screen for intrinsic coagulation reactions.
The ratio of detected subjects with LA and subjects taking warfarin varied among the APTT kits, however, those that utilized synthetic phospholipids were useful for the detection of LA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19845677 Choppin A, Irwin I, Lach L, McDonald MG, Rettie AE, Shao L, Becker C, Palme MP, Paliard X, Bowersox S, Dennis DM, Druzgala P: Effect of tecarfarin, a novel vitamin K epoxide reductase inhibitor, on coagulation in beagle dogs. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;158(6):1536-47. Epub 2009 Oct 20.

The objective of this study was to test and compare the efficacy of tecarfarin with that of warfarin, when administered either intravenously or once a day orally, to produce stable anticoagulation in beagle dogs.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Effects on coagulation were assessed by measuring the activity levels of Factor VII and Factor X and thromboplastin-induced coagulation times, reported as prothrombin time (PT).
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19386946 Schroeder WS, Tran MT, Gandhi PJ: Lepirudin-induced thrombocytopenia following subcutaneous administration. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009 May 1;66(9):834-7.

Intravenous lepirudin with an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) goal of 60-80 seconds was also started.
Because of his recurrent thrombotic event, a new International Normalized Ratio (INR) goal of 3.0-3.5 was established for warfarin therapy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19915802 Wei Y, Li J, Zhang L, Zheng D, Shi B, Cong Y: Assessment of validity of INR system for patients with liver disease associated with viral hepatitis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2009 Nov 14.

We prospectively collected blood samples from 61 patients with liver disease associated with viral hepatitis; control patients were on warfarin (n = 20).
PTs were measured on a STA-R coagulometer with six thromboplastin reagents, and INRs were calculated using instrument-specific ISIs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18799974 Pavesi PC, Pedone C, Crisci M, Piacentini A, Fulvi M, Di Pasquale G: Concomitant submassive pulmonary embolism and paradoxical embolic stroke after a long flight: which is the optimal treatment?. J Cardiovasc Med. 2008 Oct;9(10):1070-3.

Afterwards, intravenous unfractioned heparin was started with strict partial thromboplastin time monitoring.
Warfarin was started after 72 h.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18957002 Crouch MA, Kasirajan V, Cahoon W, Katlaps GJ, Gunnerson KJ: Successful use and dosing of bivalirudin after temporary total artificial heart implantation: a case series. Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Nov;28(11):1413-20.

Additional general monitoring included activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, D-dimer, platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet aggregation studies.
Bivalirudin therapy was continued until successful warfarin implementation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20181379 Salmela B, Joutsi-Korhonen L, Saarela E, Lassila R: Comparison of monitoring methods for lepirudin: Impact of warfarin and lupus anticoagulant. Thromb Res. 2010 Feb 23.

INTRODUCTION: Appropriate monitoring methods are needed for lepirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) may under- or overestimate lepirudin.
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20182348 Smock KJ, Crist RA, Hansen SJ, Rodgers GM, Lehman CM: Discard tubes are not necessary when drawing samples for specialized coagulation testing. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2010 Apr;21(3):279-82.


We performed testing for fibrinogen, D-dimer, factors VIII, IX, XI, proteins C and S, and antithrombin on 30 healthy individuals and factors II, VII, IX, X, and proteins C and S on a second group of 30 healthy individuals and 30 individuals receiving warfarin.
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20004955 Szlam F, Luan D, Bolliger D, Szlam AD, Levy JH, Varner JD, Tanaka KA: Anti-factor IXa Aptamer reduces propagation of thrombin generation in plasma anticoagulated with warfarin. Thromb Res. 2009 Dec 9.

First, a computer simulated time course of TG with warfarin alone and in combination with FIXa inhibition was evaluated and, second, normal volunteer, protein C deficient, FVII deficient and commercial warfarin plasmas (INR 2.1 and 3.1) were spiked with increasing concentrations of aptamer (0-24microg/ml) and its anticoagulant effects were evaluated using prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and TG with tissue factor and Actin as activators.
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