Protein Information

Name CYP3A4
Synonyms CP33; CYP3; HLP; CYP3A; CP34; CYP 3A4; CYP 3; CYP3A3…

Compound Information

Name warfarin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18576910 Fulco PP, Zingone MM, Higginson RT: Possible antiretroviral therapy-warfarin drug interaction. . Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Jul;28(7):945-9.

Warfarin has two enantiomers, R-and S-warfarin, which are substrates primarily of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 (R-warfarin), CYP1A2 (R-warfarin), and CYP2C9 (S-warfarin).
87(1,1,2,2) Details
20233183 Fang ZZ, Zhang YY, Ge GB, Huo H, Liang SC, Yang L: Time-dependent inhibition (TDI) of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 by noscapine potentially explains clinical noscapine-warfarin interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;69(2):193-9.
67(0,2,2,7) Details
20002088 Turpault S, Brian W, Van Horn R, Santoni A, Poitiers F, Donazzolo Y, Boulenc X: Pharmacokinetic assessment of a five-probe cocktail for CYPs 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;68(6):928-35.

AIMS: To assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) of selective substrates of CYP1A2 (caffeine), CYP2C9 (S-warfarin), CYP2C19 (omeprazole), CYP2D6 (metoprolol) and CYP3A (midazolam) when administered orally and concurrently as a cocktail relative to the drugs administered alone.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
19378397 Masek V, Anzenbacherova E, Machova M, Brabec V, Anzenbacher P: Interaction of antitumor platinum complexes with human liver microsomal cytochromes P450. Anticancer Drugs. 2009 Jun;20(5):305-11.

Interestingly, clinically non-significant inhibition was found with the CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 indicating low probability of interactions with, for example, warfarin.
Interaction of nine human hepatic cytochromes P450 (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4) with six platinum complexes was studied using pooled human microsomes.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18381488 Lu C, Berg C, Prakash SR, Lee FW, Balani SK: Prediction of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions using human hepatocyte suspension in plasma and cytochrome P450 phenotypic data. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Jul;36(7):1261-6. Epub 2008 Apr 1.

Using the available P450 phenotypic information on theophylline, tolbutamide, omeprazole, S-warfarin, phenytoin, cyclosporine, and midazolam and that determined in this study for sirolimus and tacrolimus, we found that the predictions for area under the curve increases for most of these drugs in the presence of fluconazole were remarkably similar (within 35%) to the observed clinical values.
Whereas ketoconazole is often used to study the worst-case scenario for clinical pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) for drugs that are primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, fluconazole is considered to be a moderate inhibitor of CYP3A4, providing assessment of the moderate-case scenario of CYP3A-based DDIs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19719333 Izzo AA, Ernst E: Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs. 2009;69(13):1777-98. doi: 10.2165/11317010-000000000-00000.

Echinacea might affect the clearance of caffeine (a CYP1A2 probe) and midazolam (a CYP3A4 probe).
Clinical trials indicate that St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), via cytochrome P450 (CYP) and/or P-glycoprotein induction, reduces the plasma concentrations (and/or increases the clearance) of alprazolam, amitriptyline, atorvastatin, chlorzoxazone, ciclosporin, debrisoquine, digoxin, erythromycin, fexofenadine, gliclazide, imatinib, indinavir, irinotecan, ivabradine, mephenytoin, methadone, midazolam, nifedipine, omeprazole, oral contraceptives, quazepam, simvastatin, tacrolimus, talinolol, verapamil, voriconazole and warfarin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19067473 Vakily M, Lee RD, Wu J, Gunawardhana L, Mulford D: Drug interaction studies with dexlansoprazole modified release (TAK-390MR), a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed-release formulation: results of four randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre studies. Clin Drug Investig. 2009;29(1):35-50. doi: 10.2165/0044011-200929010-00004.

As with lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole is metabolized mainly by CYP3A and CYP2C19.
METHODS: Four separate randomized, double-blind, two-way crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate the effect of dexlansoprazole on the pharmacokinetics of four test substrates (diazepam, phenytoin, theophylline [administered as intravenous aminophylline] and warfarin), which were selected based on in vitro and/or in vivo data that suggest a potential drug interaction with CYP isoenzymes or potentially coadministered narrow therapeutic index drugs.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20147896 Dumond JB, Vourvahis M, Rezk NL, Patterson KB, Tien HC, White N, Jennings SH, Choi SO, Li J, Wagner MJ, La-Beck NM, Drulak M, Sabo JP, Castles MA, Macgregor TR, Kashuba AD: A Phenotype-Genotype Approach to Predicting CYP450 and P-Glycoprotein Drug Interactions With the Mixed Inhibitor/Inducer Tipranavir/Ritonavir. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Feb 10.


The subjects received oral (p.o.) caffeine, warfarin + vitamin K, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, and midazolam and digoxin (p.o. and intravenous (i.v.)) at baseline, during the first three doses of TPV/r (500 mg/200 mg b.i.d.), and at steady state.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
18673195 Di YM, Li CG, Xue CC, Zhou SF: Clinical drugs that interact with St. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(17):1723-42.


A number of clinically significant interactions of SJW have been identified with conventional drugs, including anticancer agents (imatinib and irinotecan), anti-HIV agents (e.g. indinavir, lamivudine and nevirapine), anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. ibuprofen and fexofenadine), antimicrobial agents (e.g. erythromycin and voriconazole), cardiovascular drugs (e.g. digoxin, ivabradine, warfarin, verapamil, nifedipine and talinolol), central nervous system agents (e.g. amitriptyline, buspirone, phenytoin, methadone, midazolam, alprazolam, and sertraline), hypoglycaemic agents (e.g. tolbutamide and gliclazide), immuno-modulating agents (e.g. cyclosporine and tacrolimus), oral contraceptives, proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole), respiratory system agent (e.g. theophylline), statins (e.g. atorvastatin and pravastatin).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
20171411 Spangler ML, Saxena S: Warfarin and bosentan interaction in a patient with pulmonary hypertension secondary to bilateral pulmonary emboli. Clin Ther. 2010 Jan;32(1):53-6.

CONCLUSIONS: Bosentan has CYP3A4- and CYP2C9-inducing properties and is therefore likely to cause decreased concentrations of warfarin.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
18431572 Zhang ZY, King BM, Pelletier RD, Wong YN: Delineation of the interactions between the chemotherapeutic agent eribulin mesylate (E7389) and human CYP3A4. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;62(4):707-16. Epub 2008 Apr 23.

Eribulin competitively inhibited the testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation, nifedipine dehydration, and R-warfarin 10-hydroxylation activities of rCYP3A4, with an average apparent K (i) of approximately 10 microM.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
20103024 Schelleman H, Bilker WB, Brensinger CM, Wan F, Yang YX, Hennessy S: Fibrate/Statin initiation in warfarin users and gastrointestinal bleeding risk. Am J Med. 2010 Feb;123(2):151-7.

CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of a fibrate or statin that inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes, including atorvastatin, was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for gastrointestinal bleeding.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19351313 Verma AK, Brighton TA: The direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban. Med J Aust. 2009 Apr 6;190(7):379-83.

Few side effects and drug-drug interactions between rivaroxaban and common medications have been found thus far, although some interactions with potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors have been observed.
Warfarin and heparin are the traditional mainstay anticoagulant therapies for treating thromboembolic disease.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20220045 Kirby LC, Johnson BM, Adams LM, Eberwein DJ, Zhang K, Murray SC, Lates CD, Blum RA, Morris SR: Effect of Casopitant, a Novel NK-1 Receptor Antagonist, on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Steady-State Warfarin. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Mar 10.

Casopitant, a novel NK-1 receptor antagonist under investigation for the prevention of postoperative and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, is a weak to moderate inhibitor of CYP3A and a moderate inducer of CYP2C9 in vitro.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20135071 Ufer M: Comparative efficacy and safety of the novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in preclinical and clinical development. Thromb Haemost. 2010 Mar 1;103(3):572-85. Epub 2010 Feb 2.

Therapeutic oral anticoagulation is still commonly achieved by administration of warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists that are associated with an untoward pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile leading to a high incidence of bleeding complications or therapeutic failure.
However, alterations of rivaroxaban and apixaban pharmacokinetics upon interactions with inhibitors and inducers of CYP3A4 or P-glycoprotein may complicate the use of these compounds in daily practice, whereas dabigatran elimination largely depends on renal function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details