Protein Information

Name proton pump
Synonyms ATP12A; Cation transporting ATPase; Proton pump; ATP12A protein; ATP1AL1; Non gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase subunit alpha; Non gastric H+/K+ ATPase alpha subunit; Potassium transporting ATPase alpha chain 2…

Compound Information

Name warfarin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18615373 Hata M, Hayasaka M, Sezai A, Niino T, Yoda M, Unosawa S, Taoka M, Osaka S, Furukawa N, Kimura H, Minami K: Proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk of delayed bleeding complications after open heart surgery if used concomitantly with warfarin. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Aug;56(5):274-7.
62(0,2,2,2) Details
19222632 Bjorklund L, Wallander MA, Johansson S, Lesen E: Aspirin in cardiology--benefits and risks. Int J Clin Pract. 2009 Mar;63(3):468-77.

Co-therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, clopidogrel or warfarin increases the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, while co-therapy with proton pump inhibitors reduces it.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
18616644 Masso Gonzalez EL, Garcia Rodriguez LA: Proton pump inhibitors reduce the long-term risk of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an observational study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Sep 1;28(5):629-37. Epub 2008 Jun 26.

Use of a single proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) was associated with a reduced risk of recurrence (RR: 0.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.26-0.99), even in patients taking warfarin, while current use of H (2)-receptor antagonists was not.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
18673195 Di YM, Li CG, Xue CC, Zhou SF: Clinical drugs that interact with St. Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(17):1723-42.

A number of clinically significant interactions of SJW have been identified with conventional drugs, including anticancer agents (imatinib and irinotecan), anti-HIV agents (e.g. indinavir, lamivudine and nevirapine), anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. ibuprofen and fexofenadine), antimicrobial agents (e.g. erythromycin and voriconazole), cardiovascular drugs (e.g. digoxin, ivabradine, warfarin, verapamil, nifedipine and talinolol), central nervous system agents (e.g. amitriptyline, buspirone, phenytoin, methadone, midazolam, alprazolam, and sertraline), hypoglycaemic agents (e.g. tolbutamide and gliclazide), immuno-modulating agents (e.g. cyclosporine and tacrolimus), oral contraceptives, proton pump inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole), respiratory system agent (e.g. theophylline), statins (e.g. atorvastatin and pravastatin).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19052281 Williams NT: Medication administration through enteral feeding tubes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Dec 15;65(24):2347-57.

To minimize drug-nutrient interactions, special considerations should be taken when administering phenytoin, carbamazepine, warfarin, fluoroquinolones, and proton pump inhibitors via feeding tubes.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18265414 Delaney JA, Moodie EE, Suissa S: Validating the effects of drug treatment on blood pressure in the General Practice Research Database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008 Jun;17(6):535-45.

METHODS: To assess effects on blood pressure, we extracted from the GPRD several cohorts of new drug users of warfarin (n = 21,532), ibuprofen (n = 92,037), proton pump inhibitors (n = 153,695), statins (n = 118,704), rofecoxib (n = 6399), and celecoxib (n = 6217) from 2001 to 2003.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19214674 Shiotani A, Sakakibara T, Yamanaka Y, Imamura H, Tarumi K, Manabe N, Kamada T, Kusunoki H, Hata J, Haruma K: Upper gastrointestinal ulcer in Japanese patients taking low-dose aspirin. . J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(2):126-31. Epub 2009 Feb 13.

Cotreatment with anticoagulants [ticlopidine, 34.2% vs. 21.3%; adjusted odds ratio (OR), 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-7.1; ticlopidine plus warfarin, 13.2% vs. 3.7%; adjusted OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.3-15], proton pump inhibitor (PPI 5.3% vs. 34.8%; adjusted OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.43), and antihypertensive medicine were significantly associated with peptic ulcer.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19093930 Shrank WH, Patrick AR, Pedan A, Polinski JM, Varasteh L, Levin R, Liu N, Schneeweiss S: The effect of transitioning to medicare part d drug coverage in seniors dually eligible for medicare and medicaid. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Dec;56(12):2304-10.

Utilization and spending were evaluated for five study drugs: clopidogrel, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), warfarin, and statins (essential drugs covered by Part D plans) and benzodiazepines (not covered through Part D but potentially covered through Medicaid).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19327607 Ntaios G, Chatzinikolaou A, Kaiafa G, Savopoulos C, Hatzitolios A, Karamitsos D: Evaluation of use of proton pump inhibitors in Greece. Eur J Intern Med. 2009 Mar;20(2):171-3. Epub 2008 Jun 16.

In 349 patients, PPIs were prescribed for an improper indication (81.2%), mainly for prophylaxis against medications such as steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiplatelets and warfarin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19067473 Vakily M, Lee RD, Wu J, Gunawardhana L, Mulford D: Drug interaction studies with dexlansoprazole modified release (TAK-390MR), a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed-release formulation: results of four randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre studies. Clin Drug Investig. 2009;29(1):35-50. doi: 10.2165/0044011-200929010-00004.

METHODS: Four separate randomized, double-blind, two-way crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate the effect of dexlansoprazole on the pharmacokinetics of four test substrates (diazepam, phenytoin, theophylline [administered as intravenous aminophylline] and warfarin), which were selected based on in vitro and/or in vivo data that suggest a potential drug interaction with CYP isoenzymes or potentially coadministered narrow therapeutic index drugs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19420807 Shimizu S, Nakamura S, Kishino M, Konishi H, Shiratori K: Role of antithrombotic therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers. Intern Med. 2009;48(9):631-7. Epub 2009 May 1.

Of the 544 patients, 276 (50.7%) had a history of treatment for > or =1 month with an antithrombotic agent or NSAIDs, including low-dose aspirin (n=94), other NSAIDs (n=91), warfarin (n=43), or any combination of the three (combination treatment group; n=48).
Of the 544 patients, 199 (36.6%) attended the Department of Cardiology or Cardiovascular Surgery, and 170 (31.3%) patients were already being treated with antiulcer medication, including proton pump inhibitors (n=18 [3.3%]).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19385345 Karvonen AL, Hakala M, Helin-Salmivaara A, Kankaanranta H, Kivilaakso E, Kunnamo I, Lehtola J, Martio J: [Update on current care guidelines. Duodecim. 2009;125(5):563-4.

Age > 65 years, prior ulcer, co-morbidities, large daily dose, Helicobacter pylori infection, concurrent use of glucocorticoids, serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, or warfarin increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeds.
As a preventive strategy the use of concurrent proton pump inhibitors with non-selective NSAIDs is recommended.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18975556 Yokota H, Satoh Y, Ono Y, Kaneko M, Ikeda H, Tsuji S, Yatomi Y: [Establishment of a pharmacogenomic testing system for the realization of individual pharmacotherapy]. Rinsho Byori. 2008 Sep;56(9):772-80.

The project was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, and, in August 2006, testing for CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3, enzymes involved in the metabolism of proton pump inhibitors, was started.
Furthermore, in August 2007, testing for CYP2C9*3, the enzyme involved in the metabolism of Warfarin, and vitamin K epoxidereductase1 (VKORC1) 6484 C> T was started.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18840011 Johnell K, Fastbom J: Concomitant use of gastroprotective drugs among elderly NSAID/COX-2 selective inhibitor users: a nationwide register-based study. Clin Drug Investig. 2008;28(11):687-95.

However, users of NSAIDs/COX-2-selective inhibitors+anticoagulants (both warfarin and low-dose aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid]) did not show an increased likelihood of concomitant use of gastroprotective drugs, after adjustment for age, sex and number of other drugs.
It is recommended that gastroprotective drugs (i.e. misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors or high doses of histamine H2 receptor antagonists) be taken concomitantly to prevent NSAID-induced GI complications among older people.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19189990 Schneeweiss S, Patrick AR, Pedan A, Varasteh L, Levin R, Liu N, Shrank WH: The effect of Medicare Part D coverage on drug use and cost sharing among seniors without prior drug benefits. Health Aff. 2009 Mar-Apr;28(2):w305-16. Epub 2009 Feb 3.


Patients reaching the Part D coverage gap (12 percent) experienced a decrease in essential medication use ranging from 5.7 percentage points per month for warfarin to 6.3 percentage points for statins.
0(0,0,0,0) Details