Protein Information

Name matrix Gla protein
Synonyms GIG36; MGLAP; MGP; Matrix Gla protein; Matrix Gla protein precursor; Matrix gamma carboxyglutamic acid protein; NTI; Matrix Gla proteins…

Compound Information

Name warfarin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19847375 Villines TC, O'Malley PG, Feuerstein IM, Thomas S, Taylor AJ: Does prolonged warfarin exposure potentiate coronary calcification in humans? Results of the warfarin and coronary calcification study. Calcif Tissue Int. 2009 Dec;85(6):494-500. Epub 2009 Oct 22.

Warfarin has been shown to accelerate vascular calcification in experimental animals, and possibly humans, through inhibition of the vitamin K-dependent protein matrix gla protein, a potent inhibitor of tissue calcification.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19793187 Lerner RG, Aronow WS, Sekhri A, Palaniswamy C, Ahn C, Singh T, Sandhu R, McClung JA: Warfarin use and the risk of valvular calcification. J Thromb Haemost. 2009 Dec;7(12):2023-7. Epub 2009 Sep 28.

BACKGROUND: Warfarin affects the synthesis and function of the matrix Gla-protein, a vitamin K-dependent protein, which is a potent inhibitor of tissue calcification.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19350115 Koos R, Krueger T, Westenfeld R, Kuhl HP, Brandenburg V, Mahnken AH, Stanzel S, Vermeer C, Cranenburg EC, Floege J, Kelm M, Schurgers LJ: Relation of circulating Matrix Gla-Protein and anticoagulation status in patients with aortic valve calcification. Thromb Haemost. 2009 Apr;101(4):706-13.

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19884975 Kohn MH, Price RE, Pelz HJ: A cardiovascular phenotype in warfarin-resistant Vkorc1 mutant rats. Artery Res. 2008 Nov;2(4):138-147.

The undercarboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent Matrix Gla protein may be the crucial component of the pathway promoting this mineralization.
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19692494 McCann JC, Ames BN: Vitamin K, an example of triage theory: is micronutrient inadequacy linked to diseases of aging?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Oct;90(4):889-907. Epub 2009 Aug 19.

Results indicate that 5 VKD proteins that are required for coagulation had critical functions (knockouts were embryonic lethal), whereas the knockouts of 5 less critical VKD proteins [osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein (Mgp), growth arrest specific protein 6, transforming growth factor beta-inducible protein (Tgfbi or betaig-h3), and periostin] survived at least through weaning.
Genetic loss of less critical VKD proteins, dietary vitamin K inadequacy, human polymorphisms or mutations, and vitamin K deficiency induced by chronic anticoagulant (warfarin/coumadin) therapy are all linked to age-associated conditions: bone fragility after estrogen loss (osteocalcin) and arterial calcification linked to cardiovascular disease (Mgp).
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18495950 Danziger J: Vitamin K-dependent proteins, warfarin, and vascular calcification. . Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Sep;3(5):1504-10. Epub 2008 May 21.

Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) and Growth Arrest Specific Gene 6 (Gas-6) are two particularly important VKDPs, and their roles in vascular biology are just beginning to be understood.
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18369157 Yao Y, Shahbazian A, Bostrom KI: Proline and gamma-carboxylated glutamate residues in matrix Gla protein are critical for binding of bone morphogenetic protein-4. Circ Res. 2008 May 9;102(9):1065-74. Epub 2008 Mar 27.

Chelation of calcium ions by EDTA or warfarin treatment of cells led to loss of ability of MGP to bind BMP-4.
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19910445 Cai Y, Xu MJ, Teng X, Zhou YB, Chen L, Zhu Y, Wang X, Tang CS, Qi YF: Intermedin inhibits vascular calcification by increasing the level of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein. Cardiovasc Res. 2010 Mar 1;85(4):864-73. Epub 2009 Nov 12.

However, the inhibitory effects of IMD on VC were eliminated upon pre-treatment with warfarin or small interfering RNA to reduce cMGP.
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