Protein Information

Name immunoglobulin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Immunoglobulin; Immunoglobulins

Compound Information

Name hexachlorobenzene
CAS 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorobenzene

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9587786 Queiroz ML, Bincoletto C, Perlingeiro RC, Quadros MR, Souza CA: Immunoglobulin levels in workers exposed to hexachlorobenzene. . Hum Exp Toxicol. 1998 Mar;17(3):172-5.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
15831097 Karmaus W, Brooks KR, Nebe T, Witten J, Obi-Osius N, Kruse H: Immune function biomarkers in children exposed to lead and organochlorine compounds: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health. 2005 Apr 14;4(1):5.

METHODS: We investigated whether the organochlorine compounds (OC) dichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH), the sum of polychlorinated biphenyls (SigmaPCBs) and Pb were associated with immune markers such as immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, white blood cell (WBC), counts of lymphocytes; eosinophils and their eosinophilic granula as well as IgE count on basophils.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10777247 Bernhoft A, Skaare JU, Wiig O, Derocher AE, Larsen HJ: Possible immunotoxic effects of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000 Apr 14;59(7):561-74.

Associations between immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and the organochlorine contaminants (OCs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in blood plasma from polar bears caught at Svalbard were determined.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
11958547 Karmaus W, Kuehr J, Kruse H: Infections and atopic disorders in childhood and organochlorine exposure. Arch Environ Health. 2001 Nov-Dec;56(6):485-92.

The authors investigated whether organochlorine exposure is associated with prevalence of otitis media, pneumonia, pertussis, asthma, and increased immunoglobulin E levels in children.
However, for the combined effect of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene with polychlorinated biphenyls or hexachlorobenzene, a significantly increased relative risk (odds ratios = 3.70 and 2.38, respectively) was found for otitis media.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
11266329 Daniel V, Huber W, Bauer K, Suesal C, Conradt C, Opelz G: Associations of blood levels of PCB, HCHS, and HCB with numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro lymphocyte response, plasma cytokine levels, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies. Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Feb;109(2):173-8.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), hexachlorocyclohexane-[alpha], -beta, and -[gamma] (HCH-[alpha], -beta, and -[gamma]), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) are widely distributed industrial chemicals.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16330365 Sunyer J, Torrent M, Munoz-Ortiz L, Ribas-Fito N, Carrizo D, Grimalt J, Anto JM, Cullinan P: Prenatal dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and asthma in children. Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Dec;113(12):1787-90.

We measured specific immunoglobulin-E (IgE) against house dust mite, cat, and grass in sera extracted at 4 years of age.
DDE (median = 1.03 ng/mL) was detected in all children, as well as hexachlorobenzene (0.68 ng/mL) and polychlorobiphenyls (0.69 ng/mL).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1080953 Allen DH, Basten A, Williams GV, Woolcock AJ: Familial hypersensitivity pneumonitis. . Am J Med. 1975 Oct;59(4):505-14.

Evidence for an environmental predisposition was less clear cut, but it is interesting that members of both families used a gamma isomer of hexachlorobenzene (Nickoff) to eradicate mite infestations in their birds which might have damaged the bronchial mucosa or acted as an immunologic adjuvant in a person with underlying susceptibility to disease.
The latter included screening for precipitins, macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) to specific antigens in avian serum and droppings, quantitation of immunoglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels and assessment of the complement system.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19557615 Sagerup K, Larsen HJ, Skaare JU, Johansen GM, Gabrielsen GW: The toxic effects of multiple persistent organic pollutant exposures on the post-hatch immunity maturation of glaucous gulls. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2009;72(14):870-83.

At 8 wk, the experimental group had 3- to 13-fold higher concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), oxychlordane, p,p'-DDE, and total polychlorinated biphenyls (Sigma PCB) than did the control.
The experimental group produced significantly lower antibody titer against EIV and had lower concentrations of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and -M (IgM) in blood.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11119253 Vandebriel RJ, Meredith C, Scott MP, van Dijk M, van Loveren H: Interleukin-10 is an unequivocal Th2 parameter in the rat, whereas interleukin-4 is not. Scand J Immunol. 2000 Nov;52(5):519-24.


Exposure of Wistar rats to the immunotoxic compounds hexachlorobenzene (HCB), bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide, and benzo (a) pyrene was previously found to affect mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-2R alpha-chain, and interferon (IFN)-gamma, the prototypic Th1 cytokine.
0(0,0,0,0) Details