Protein Information

Name hemoglobins (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Hemoglobin; Hemoglobins

Compound Information

Name cresol
CAS methylphenol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2386523 Minami M, Katsumata M, Tomoda A: Methemoglobinemia with oxidized hemoglobins and modified hemoglobins found in bloods of workers handling aromatic compounds and in those of a man who drank cresol solution. Biomed Biochim Acta. 1990;49(2-3):S327-33.
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12595928 : NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 4,4'-Thiobis (6- t -butyl- m -cresol) (CAS No. 96-69-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 1994 Dec;435:1-288.

Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations and mean erythroions and mean erythrocyte volume (MCV) values were significantly lower in 1,000, 2,500, and 5,000 ppm males than in controls; MCV values were also significantly lower in 5,000 ppm females.
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12243413 Wang R, Liu Z, Cai R, Li X: A new spectrofluorometric method for the determination of ascorbic acid based on its activating effect on a hemoglobin-catalyzed reaction. Anal Sci. 2002 Sep;18(9):977-80.

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2369641 Manning LR, Fantl WJ, Manning JM: Functional measurements on carboxymethylated hemoglobin, a potential blood substitute: effects of sodium chloride on pH values that influence the alkaline Bohr effect. Biomater Artif Cells Artif Organs. 1990;18(2):133-41.

In addition, the concentration of chloride was found to affect the pH of buffers as measured either with a pH meter or with the dye, cresol red.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16835130 Andersen A: Final report on the safety assessment of sodium p-chloro-m-cresol, p-chloro-m-cresol, chlorothymol, mixed cresols, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropyl cresols, thymol, o-cymen-5-ol, and carvacrol. Int J Toxicol. 2006;25 Suppl 1:29-127.

In guinea pigs, exposure to 9 mg/m (3) produced changes in hemoglobin concentrations and electrocardiograms (EKGs).
Numerous sensitization studies have been reported and most positive reactions were seen with higher concentrations of Cresol ingredients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12148107 Fagugli RM, De Smet R, Buoncristiani U, Lameire N, Vanholder R: Behavior of non-protein-bound and protein-bound uremic solutes during daily hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002 Aug;40(2):339-47.


At the end of 6 months of SHD and 6 months of DHD, we evaluated hemoglobin levels, hematocrits, recombinant human erythropoietin doses, and pre-HD and post-HD concentrations of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and the following protein-bound toxins: 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid, p-cresol, indole-3-acetic acid, indoxyl sulfate, and hippuric acid.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9648220 Lertsiri S, Shiraishi M, Miyazawa T: Identification of deoxy-D-fructosyl phosphatidylethanolamine as a non-enzymic glycation product of phosphatidylethanolamine and its occurrence in human blood plasma and red blood cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998 May;62(5):893-901.


The gPE formation in RBC was found to be proportional to the glycated hemoglobin formation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details