Protein Information

Name catalase
Synonyms CAT; Catalase; Erythrocyte derived growth promoting factor; Carnitine O acetyltransferase; Carnitine acetylase; Carnitine acetyltransferase; CAT; Catalases…

Compound Information

Name anthraquinone
CAS 9,10-anthracenedione

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
3094197 Wallace KB: Nonenzymatic oxygen activation and stimulation of lipid peroxidation by doxorubicin-copper. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Oct;86(1):69-79.

Inhibition by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and dimethyl urea implicates the involvement of assorted oxygen-free radicals in doxorubicin-copper stimulated lipid peroxidation.
The suggested occurrence of doxorubicin-copper complexes in vivo infers that nonenzymatic generation of oxygen-free radicals by the chelate may contribute to the mechanism of toxicity of doxorubicin and related anthraquinone anticancer agents observed clinically.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1535596 Huang HC, Chang JH, Tung SF, Wu RT, Foegh ML, Chu SH: Immunosuppressive effect of emodin, a free radical generator. Eur J Pharmacol. 1992 Feb 18;211(3):359-64.

The structure-activity relationship of emodin and 10 other anthraquione derivatives indicates that the free hydroxyl group at the beta-position of the anthraquinone nucleus plays an important role in the immunosuppressive effect.
The suppressive activity of emodin was significantly inhibited by catalase (a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide), but little affected by superoxide dismutase (a scavenger of superoxide radical) and mannitol (a scavenger of hydroxyl radical).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20219682 Liu B, Xie J, Ge X, Xu P, Wang A, He Y, Zhou Q, Pan L, Chen R: Effects of anthraquinone extract from Rheum officinale Bail on the growth performance and physiological responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high temperature stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2010 Feb 26.

After high temperature stress, 0.1-0.2% anthraquinone extract also could improve the haemolymph total proteins, lysozyme and ALP activities, hepatic catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and reduce haemolymph ALT and AST activities, hepatic malondialdehyde contents.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
1667913 Huang HC, Lee CR, Chao PD, Chen CC, Chu SH: Vasorelaxant effect of emodin, an anthraquinone from a Chinese herb. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991 Dec 3;205(3):289-94.

The relaxation response to emodin was inhibited by free radical scavengers, superoxide dismutase, catalase and mannitol, and guanylate cyclase inhibitors, methylene blue and hemoglobin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9884315 Kitamura S, Sugihara K, Tatsumi K: A unique tertiary amine N-oxide reduction system composed of quinone reductase and heme in rat liver preparations. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Jan;27(1):92-7.

When menadione was replaced with 1, 4-naphthoquinone or 9,10-anthraquinone, similar results were obtained in the cytosolic reduction.
In fact, catalase and hemoglobin showed the ability to reduce imipramine N-oxide when supplemented with DT-diaphorase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11697035 Ohkuma Y, Hiraku Y, Kawanishi S: Sequence-specific DNA damage induced by carcinogenic danthron and anthraquinone in the presence of Cu (II), cytochrome P450 reductase and NADPH. Free Radic Res. 2001 Jun;34(6):595-604.

The DNA damage was inhibited by catalase and bathocuproine, suggesting the involvement of H2O2 and Cu (I).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20187410 Lu M, Zhang ZZ, Sun SS, Qiao W, Liu X: [Rhizosphere enhanced remediation of petroleum contaminated soil] . Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2009 Dec;30(12):3703-9.

Four oxidation products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 1-acenaphthenone, 9-fluorenone, anthraquinone, and benzfluorenone were found at significantly higher concentrations at the end of the study.
Degradation of hydrocarbons as well as microbial counts, soil fluorescein diacetate activity, catalase activity and dehydrogenase activity were determined.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16920126 Ahmed S, Fujii S, Kishikawa N, Ohba Y, Nakashima K, Kuroda N: Selective determination of quinones by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line post column ultraviolet irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A. 2006 Nov 10;1133(1-2):76-82. Epub 2006 Aug 22.

Quinones [i.e., 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone] were UV irradiated (254 nm, 15 W) to generate hydrogen peroxide and a fluorescent product that were determined via PO-CL detection.
Generation of hydrogen peroxide from quinones with on-line UV irradiation was confirmed using flow injection analysis (FIA) system whereby incorporating an enzyme column reactor immobilized with catalase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14522581 Lin S, Fujii M, Hou DX: Rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial death pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Oct 15;418(2):99-107.


Rhein is an anthraquinone compound enriched in the rhizome of rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine herb showing anti-tumor promotion function.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8646615 Winston GW, Moore MN, Kirchin MA, Soverchia C: Production of reactive oxygen species by hemocytes from the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis: lysosomal localization and effect of xenobiotics. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1996 Feb;113(2):221-9.


Uptake of the anthraquinone, purpurin, and FeEDTA with DHR greatly amplified fluorescence within the lysosomes.
0(0,0,0,0) Details