Protein Information

Name peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma
Synonyms HUMPPARG; PAX8/PPARG fusion gene; NR1C3; PPAR gamma; PPAR gamma2; PPARG; PPARG 1; PPARG 2…

Compound Information

Name sodium azide
CAS sodium azide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17302992 Wang ZJ, Liang CL, Li GM, Yu CY, Yin M: Stearic acid protects primary cultured cortical neurons against oxidative stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007 Mar;28(3):315-26.


Endogenous antioxidant enzymes activity [superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT)] and lipid peroxidation in cultured cortical neurons were evaluated using commercial kits. {3-[1 (p-chlorobenzyl)- 5-(isopropyl)-3-t-butylthiondol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid, Na} [MK886; 5 micromol/L; a noncompetitive inhibitor of proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha], bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE; 100 micromol/L; an antagonist of PPAR gamma), and cycloheximide (CHX; 30 micromol/L, an inhibitor of protein synthesis) were tested for their effects on the neuroprotection afforded by stearic acid.
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16412262 Wang ZJ, Li GM, Tang WL, Yin M: Neuroprotective effects of stearic acid against toxicity of oxygen/glucose deprivation or glutamate on rat cortical or hippocampal slices. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 Feb;27(2):145-50.

AIM: To observe the effects of stearic acid, a long-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of 18 carbon atoms, on brain (cortical or hippocampal) slices insulted by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), glutamate or sodium azide (NaN3) in vitro.
MK886 [5 mmol/L; a noncompetitive inhibitor of proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-alpha)] or BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; 100 micromol/L; an antagonist of PPAR-gamma) were tested for their effects on the neuroprotection afforded by stearic acid.
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19861415 Chowanadisai W, Bauerly KA, Tchaparian E, Wong A, Cortopassi GA, Rucker RB: Pyrroloquinoline quinone stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis through cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and increased PGC-1alpha expression. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 1;285(1):142-52. Epub 2009 Oct 27.

Moreover, PQQ protected cells from mitochondrial inhibition by rotenone, 3-nitropropionic acid, antimycin A, and sodium azide.
The induction of this process occurred through the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), a pathway known to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis.
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15525581 Suh YH, Kim SY, Lee HY, Jang BC, Bae JH, Sohn JN, Bae JH, Suh SI, Park JW, Lee KU, Song DK: Overexpression of short heterodimer partner recovers impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic beta-cells overexpressing UCP2. J Endocrinol. 2004 Oct;183(1):133-44.

The mitochondrial metabolic inhibitor sodium azide totally blocked the effect of SHP overexpression on GSIS.
These results suggest that SHP positively regulates GSIS in beta-cells and restores glucose sensitivity in UCP2-overexpressing beta-cells by enhancing mitochondrial glucose metabolism, independent of PPARgamma activation.
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