Protein Information

Name histatin 5
Synonyms Basic histidine rich protein; PB; HST; HIS 2; HIS2; HTN 2; HTN 3; HTN 5…

Compound Information

Name sodium azide
CAS sodium azide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11816973 Gyurko C, Lendenmann U, Helmerhorst EJ, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG: Killing of Candida albicans by histatin 5: cellular uptake and energy requirement. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2001 Sep;79(3-4):297-309.

The uptake of histatin 5, the release of UV-absorbing materials and killing of C. albicans are markedly decreased by the respiratory inhibitor sodium azide.
39(0,1,1,9) Details
10639361 Gyurko C, Lendenmann U, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG: Candida albicans mutants deficient in respiration are resistant to the small cationic salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000 Feb;44(2):348-54.

Furthermore, histatin 5 killing activity was also tested on wild-type cells in the presence of the respiratory inhibitor sodium azide or, alternatively, the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone.
38(0,1,1,8) Details
17485465 Veerman EC, Valentijn-Benz M, Nazmi K, Ruissen AL, Walgreen-Weterings E, van Marle J, Doust AB, van't Hof W, Bolscher JG, Amerongen AV: Energy depletion protects Candida albicans against antimicrobial peptides by rigidifying its cell membrane. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 29;282(26):18831-41. Epub 2007 May 7.

Inhibitors of the energy metabolism, such as sodium azide and valinomycin, render yeast cells completely resistant against the killing action of a number of cationic antimicrobial peptides, including the salivary antimicrobial peptide Histatin 5.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
10066791 Helmerhorst EJ, Breeuwer P, van't Hof W, Walgreen-Weterings E, Oomen LC, Veerman EC, Amerongen AV, Abee T: The cellular target of histatin 5 on Candida albicans is the energized mitochondrion. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 12;274(11):7286-91.

It was found that both the killing activity and the membrane perturbing activity, studied by the influx of a DNA-specific marker propidium iodide, were inhibited by high salt conditions and by metabolic inhibitors, like sodium azide.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
11717389 Helmerhorst EJ, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG: The human salivary peptide histatin 5 exerts its antifungal activity through the formation of reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14637-42. Epub 2001 Nov 20.

In contrast to histatin 5, the conventional inhibitors of the respiratory chain, sodium cyanide or sodium azide, neither induced ROS nor killed yeast cells.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
19919184 Veerman EC, Valentijn-Benz M, van't Hof W, Nazmi K, van Marle J, Amerongen AV: Phytosphingosine kills Candida albicans by disrupting its cell membrane. . Biol Chem. 2010 Jan;391(1):65-71.


We also found that PHS reverts the azide-induced insensitivity to histatin 5 (Hst5) of Candida albicans.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18975018 Houghton EA, Nicholas KM: In vitro reactive oxygen species production by histatins and copper (I,II). J Biol Inorg Chem. 2009 Feb;14(2):243-51. Epub 2008 Oct 31.

The ability of the histidine-rich peptides, histatin-5 (Hst-5) and histatin-8 (Hst-8), to support the generation of reactive oxygen species during the Cu-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbate and cysteine has been evaluated.
On the other hand, the presence of sodium azide or sodium formate, traps for hydroxyl radicals, has no appreciable effect on the total hydrogen peroxide production for the Cu-Hst systems.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17074797 Vylkova S, Nayyar N, Li W, Edgerton M: Human beta-defensins kill Candida albicans in an energy-dependent and salt-sensitive manner without causing membrane disruption. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007 Jan;51(1):154-61. Epub 2006 Oct 30.

Although little is known about their mechanism of action against Candida species, some similarities to the antifungal mechanism of salivary peptide histatin 5 (Hst 5) seem to exist.
Pretreatment of C. albicans cells with sodium azide resulted in significantly decreased ATP release and susceptibility of cells to hBD-2 and hBD-3.
1(0,0,0,1) Details