Protein Information

Name interleukin 1 beta
Synonyms Catabolin; IL 1; IL 1 beta; IL 1B; IL1 beta; IL1B; IL1F2; Interleukin 1…

Compound Information

Name sodium azide
CAS sodium azide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12794127 Bourke E, Cassetti A, Villa A, Fadlon E, Colotta F, Mantovani A: IL-1 beta scavenging by the type II IL-1 decoy receptor in human neutrophils. J Immunol. 2003 Jun 15;170(12):5999-6005.

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9280289 Wlaschek M, Wenk J, Brenneisen P, Briviba K, Schwarz A, Sies H, Scharffetter-Kochanek K: Singlet oxygen is an early intermediate in cytokine-dependent ultraviolet-A induction of interstitial collagenase in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. FEBS Lett. 1997 Aug 18;413(2):239-42.

Ultraviolet (UV) A irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts elicits an increase in specific mRNA amounts and bioactivities of the cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6.
These effects are enhanced in deuterium oxide-based medium and are diminished in the presence of non-toxic concentrations of sodium azide.
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17531242 Nabata A, Kuroki M, Ueba H, Hashimoto S, Umemoto T, Wada H, Yasu T, Saito M, Momomura S, Kawakami M: C-reactive protein induces endothelial cell apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 production in human mononuclear cells: Implications for the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jan;196(1):129-35. Epub 2007 May 24.

However, recent in vitro studies raised the possibility that the effects of CRP are caused by biologically active contaminants such as sodium azide and endotoxin.
In human mononuclear cells, CRP-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in a concentration-dependent manner.
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15725942 Lafuente N, Azcutia V, Matesanz N, Cercas E, Rodriguez-Manas L, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Peiro C: Evidence for sodium azide as an artifact mediating the modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by C-reactive protein. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2005 Mar;45(3):193-6.

Commercial CRP (1 to 100 microg/mL) concentration-dependently inhibited the effects elicited by IL-1beta.
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7790729 Akdis AC, Towbin H, Libsig P, Motz J, Alkan SS: Cytokine immunotrapping: an assay to study the kinetics of production and consumption or degradation of human interferon-gamma. J Immunol Methods. 1995 Jun 9;182(2):251-61.

Preliminary results show that this assay is also suitable for the early detection of IL-1 and IL-4 which are known to be more tightly regulated.
Polystyrene macrobeads precoated with an anti-IFN-gamma mAb were put in culture and after a defined incubation period, a dimethyl acridinium ester (DMAE)-labelled second anti-IFN-gamma mAb and sodium azide were added into the culture for additional 24 h.
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16786153 Pompili E, Fabrizi C, Fumagalli L: PAR-1 upregulation by trimethyltin and lipopolysaccharide in cultured rat astrocytes. Int J Mol Med. 2006 Jul;18(1):33-9.

Furthermore, an evident upregulation of PAR-1 in cultured primary astrocytes also occurred following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (a well-known inductor of glial cell activation) whereas other neurotoxic agents (such as staurosporine, hydrogen peroxide and sodium azide), which are known to induce cell death, were unable to determine any PAR-1 variation.
Furthermore, after exposure to TMT and LPS, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta were also increased in astrocyte cultures, suggesting that the PAR-1 upregulation we have detected may be involved in glial inflammatory response rather than in cell death.
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8769278 Ebert EC: Mechanisms of colon cancer binding to substratum and cells. Dig Dis Sci. 1996 Aug;41(8):1551-6.


Attachment of HT-29 cells to cell monolayers was inhibited by cytochalasin D and sodium azide, but not cycloheximide or neuraminidase.
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