| Name | lactate dehydrogenase (protein family or complex) |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | LDH; lactate dehydrogenase; lactate dehydrogenases |
| Name | mercuric chloride |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3449639 | Ohata H, Momose K, Takahashi A, Omori Y: Urinalysis for detection of chemically induced renal damage (1)--Changes in urinary excretions of enzymes and various components caused by mercuric chloride and gentamicin. J Toxicol Sci. 1987 Nov;12(4):341-55. Daily administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) dose-dependently increased urinary excretions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), lysozyme (LZM), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and acid protease together with increased counts of tubular cells in the urine. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 7482568 | Bucio L, Souza V, Albores A, Sierra A, Chavez E, Carabez A, Gutierrez-Ruiz MC: Cadmium and mercury toxicity in a human fetal hepatic cell line (WRL-68 cells). Toxicology. 1995 Sep 18;102(3):285-99. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 2386429 | Bomhard E, Maruhn D, Vogel O, Mager H: Determination of urinary glutathione S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase for differentiation between proximal and distal nephron damage. Arch Toxicol. 1990;64(4):269-78. To test this hypothesis, we determined both enzyme activities in 24 h urine samples from 10-12 female Sprague-Dawley rats, each treated with single i.p. injections of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN, 130 mg/kg), Na2 CrO4 10, 20, 30 mg/kg), mercuric chloride (HgCl2, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mg/kg), (125, 350, 375 mg/kg), ethyleneimine (0.5, 2.0, 5.0 microliters/kg). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 1578387 | Lash LH, Zalups RK: Mercuric chloride-induced cytotoxicity and compensatory hypertrophy in rat kidney proximal tubular cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 May;261(2):819-29. The cellular content of protein (mg/10 (6) cells) was 68% higher and the cellular specific activity (mU/10 (6) cells) of lactate dehydrogenase was 56% higher in PT cells isolated from NPX rats than in PT cells isolated from SHAM rats. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 1983769 | Starnawska M, Hac E: The activity of several enzymes in the urine and blood of animals in experimental poisoning with sublimate. Bull Inst Marit Trop Med Gdynia. 1990;41(1-4):89-96. In the urine an increase of activity of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase was noted. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 11495025 | El-Demerdash FM: Effects of and mercury on the enzymatic activities and lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, and blood of rats. J Environ Sci Health B. 2001 Jul;36(4):489-99. The present study compares the effects of Se as selenite (Na2SeO3) and Hg as mercuric chloride (HgCl2) separately and in combination. The following biochemical alterations occurred in response to Hg treatment: protein content (brain and liver), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (brain and serum), acid and alkaline (AcP and AlP) phosphatases (plasma and liver) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (plasma and liver) activities were significantly (P <0.05) decreased, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (plasma, brain and liver), and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT) (serum and liver) activities were significantly increased. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1354752 | Dieter MP, Boorman GA, Jameson CW, Eustis SL, Uraih LC: Development of renal toxicity in F344 rats gavaged with mercuric chloride for 2 weeks, or 2, 4, 6, 15, and 24 months. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1992 Aug;36(4):319-40. Urinary lactate dehydrogenase was the most responsive enzyme, with up to 11-fold increases in activity above controls. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8239998 | Huang J, Tanii H, Kato K, Hashimoto K: Neuron and glial cell marker proteins as indicators of heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma and glioma cell lines. Arch Toxicol. 1993;67(7):491-6. Glioma C6 and neuroblastoma N18TG-2 cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing various concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) or cadmium (CdCl2) for 5 days. Toxic response patterns of the neurospecific endpoints (beta-S100 and NSE), which were monitored with enzyme immunoassays, were compared with those of the non-neurospecific endpoints such as cell viability, total cellular protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and cumulative consumption in the two cell lines. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19382722 | Zhao JQ, Wen YF, Bhadauria M, Nirala SK, Sharma A, Shrivastava S, Shukla S, Agrawal OP, Mathur R: Protective effects of propolis on inorganic mercury induced oxidative stress in mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2009 Apr;47(4):264-9. Exposure to mercuric chloride (HgCl2; 5 mg/kg; ip) induced oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and level along with concomitant decrease in and various antioxidant enzymes. Release of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and y-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly restored towards control after propolis treatment. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8480331 | Zalups RK, Knutson KL, Schnellmann RG: In vitro analysis of the accumulation and toxicity of inorganic mercury in segments of the proximal tubule isolated from the rabbit kidney. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Apr;119(2):221-7. Mercuric chloride containing trace amounts of radiolabeled inorganic mercury (203Hg2+) was added to the buffer to produce a concentration of inorganic mercury ranging from 0.1 to 10 microM. Significant release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and significant decreases in consumption (QO2), which were used as indices of cellular injury, were detected only when the tubules were in the presence of 10 microM inorganic mercury. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 11222031 | De Coen WM, Janssen CR, Segner H: The use of biomarkers in Daphnia magna toxicity testing V. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2001 Mar;48(3):223-34. Mercury exposure increased lactate dehydrogenase and activity (only after 96 h), while lindane exposure, on the contrary, inhibited the cellular lactate formation and increased the Krebs' cycle activity (only after 48 h). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8619249 | Zalups RK, Barfuss DW: Nephrotoxicity of inorganic mercury co-administrated with . Toxicology. 1996 May 3;109(1):15-29. According to histopathological assessment of sections of kidney and evaluation of the urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase, total protein and inorganic mercury (which were used as indices of renal injury), the severity of renal injury in rats co-administered the with the inorganic mercury was significantly greater than that in corresponding rats injected with only inorganic mercury. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7912137 | Bret L, Hasim M, Lefebvre H, Fournie GJ, Braun JP: Kidney tubule enzymes and extracellular DNA in urine as markers for nephrotoxicity in the guinea pig. Enzyme Protein. 1993;47(1):27-36. Guinea pigs were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 1.35 mg/kg body weight of mercuric chloride; then various kidney enzymes and extracellular DNA were assayed in urine. Sequential collection of urines allowed for kinetic studies: membrane markers alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were first released, then cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial dehydrogenase, finally extracellular DNA; DNA release is equated with cell death. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17215067 | Sharma MK, Sharma A, Kumar A, Kumar M: Evaluation of protective efficacy of Spirulina fusiformis against mercury induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Jun;45(6):879-87. Epub 2006 Nov 23. Spirulina extract was administered orally. (iv) Combination group--S. fusiformis was administered 10 days before mercuric chloride administration and continued upto 30 days after mercuric chloride administration (5.0 mg/kg b.wt.). The animals were autopsied on 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after treatment and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MDA (malondialdehyde) level were measured in kidney homogenates. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12209911 | Walther UI, Walther SC, Liebl B, Reichl FX, Kehe K, Nilius M, Hickel R: Cytotoxicity of ingredients of various dental materials and related compounds in L2- and A549 cells. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002;63(5):643-9. Release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells was measured after incubation with the test substances for time intervals up to 48 h and expressed as percentage of total LDH content of lysed cells. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 19406194 | Brandao R, Borges LP, Nogueira CW: Concomitant administration of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulphonate (DMPS) and diphenyl diselenide reduces effectiveness of DMPS in restoring damage induced by mercuric chloride in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Aug;47(8):1771-8. Epub 2009 May 3. Hematological parameters, plasmatic urea and levels as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined. (PhSe)(2) or DMPS restored the increase in LDH activity and TBARS, urea and levels caused by HgCl (2). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12169405 | Ahn CB, Song CH, Kim WH, Kim YK: Effects of Juglans sinensis Dode extract and antioxidant on mercury -induced acute renal failure in rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Sep;82(1):45-9. Mercury treatment in vitro increased lactate dehydrogenase release and lipid peroxidation in renal cortical slices, which were prevented by JSE. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8102656 | Blais A, Morvan-Baleynaud J, Friedlander G, Le Grimellec C: Primary culture of rabbit proximal tubules as a cellular model to study nephrotoxicity of xenobiotics. Kidney Int. 1993 Jul;44(1):13-8. Activities of apical and basolateral enzymes, activities of and -coupled transport systems and leakage of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in PTC grown in -free culture medium as confluent monolayers and incubated with the aminoglycoside. In contrast, under short time exposure, a condition where the enzyme activities were untouched, mercuric chloride inhibited to a similar extent the activity of the three -coupled transport systems. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8095245 | Jonker D, Jones MA, van Bladeren PJ, Woutersen RA, Til HP, Feron VJ: Acute (24 hr) toxicity of a combination of four nephrotoxicants in rats compared with the toxicity of the individual compounds. Food Chem Toxicol. 1993 Jan;31(1):45-52. To identify possible hazards of combined exposure to chemicals with the same target organ, a 24-hr single dose experiment was carried out in which the renal toxicity of mercuric chloride, dichromate, and hexachloro-1:3-butadiene administered simultaneously was compared with the nephrotoxicity of the individual compounds, using a total of 11 groups each consisting of five 12-wk-old male Wistar rats. Synergism of effects was also observed, for example increased severity of renal tubular necrosis, and more markedly increased activity of urinary lysozyme, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 1981795 | Harauchi T, Yoshizaki T: A method for determining urinary enzyme activities as nephrotoxic indicators in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1990 Oct;54(2):205-15. Activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the protein concentration of the enzyme preparation suspended in -buffered saline were represented as ratios. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 7884643 | Anjum F, Shakoori AR: Sublethal effects of inorganic mercury on the body growth rate and liver function enzymes of phenobarbitone-pretreated and promethazine-pretreated rabbits. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1994;13(2):125-32. After phenobarbitone (PB) treatment, the serum transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities decreased to 31%, 77%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, whereas the serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity increased 54%. After mercuric chloride (HgCl2) treatment, the serum GOT, GPT, LDH, and ICDH activities decreased 69%, 83%, 11%, and 48%, respectively. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17072828 | Tunali-Akbay T, Sener G, Salvarli H, Sehirli O, Yarat A: Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract against mercury (II)-induced cardiovascular oxidative damage in rats. Phytother Res. 2007 Jan;21(1):26-31. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with (1) control (C) group: 0.9% NaCl; (2) EGb group: Ginkgo biloba extract (Abdi Ibrahim Pharmaceutical Company, Istanbul, Turkey) at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day; (3) Hg group: a single dose of 5 mg/kg mercuric chloride (HgCl (2)); and (4) Hg + EGb group: First day EGb at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, i.p., 1 hour after HgCl (2) (5 mg/kg) injection; following four days EGb at a dose 50 mg/kg/day, i.p. After decapitation of the rats, trunk blood was obtained and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and (GSH) levels were analysed. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 17267089 | Sener G, Sehirli O, Tozan A, Velioglu-Ovunc A, Gedik N, Omurtag GZ: Ginkgo biloba extract protects against mercury (II)-induced oxidative tissue damage in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Apr;45(4):543-50. Epub 2006 Aug 30. Following a single dose of 5mg/kg mercuric chloride (HgCl (2); Hg group) either saline or EGb (150mg/kg) was administered for 5days. BUN, creatinin, ALT, and AST levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assayed in serum samples. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 18972395 | Brandao R, Borges LP, de Oliveira R, Rocha JB, Nogueira CW: Diphenyl diselenide protects against hematological and immunological alterations induced by mercury in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2008 Sep;22(5):311-9. After this week, mice received daily mercuric chloride (1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for 2 weeks. Another biomarker of tissue damage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), was also determined. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8580532 | Shakoori AR, Kokab R, Mahjabeen G, Anjum F, Ali SS: Effect of mercuric chloride on the activities of some hepatic enzymes of regenerating rabbit liver following partial hepatectomy. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Ther Latinoam. 1995;45(3):177-84. Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) administered at a dose of 1mg/kg body wt/day for 5 days decreased hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (63%) and increased isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activity (127%). |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 9144453 | Zalups RK: Reductions in renal mass and the nephropathy induced by mercury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1997 Apr;143(2):366-79. Consistent with previously published findings, proximal tubular necrosis (as assessed histopathologically and by the urinary excretion of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein) was significantly more severe in 50% NPX rats than in control rats 24 hr after the administration of any of three lowest (1.0, 1.5, or 1.75 micromol/kg) doses of mercuric chloride used in the study. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 8702935 | Sapirstein A, Spech RA, Witzgall R, Bonventre JV: Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), but not secretory PLA2, potentiates peroxide cytotoxicity in kidney epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1996 Aug 30;271(35):21505-13. Exposure to peroxide or but not mercuric chloride, resulted in significantly greater lactate dehydrogenase release in LLC-cPLA2 cells when compared with control cells. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 3394794 | Contrino J, Marucha P, Ribaudo R, Ference R, Bigazzi PE, Kreutzer DL: Effects of mercury on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro. Am J Pathol. 1988 Jul;132(1):110-8. Therefore, the effect of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function in vitro was evaluated. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 1539167 | Aleo MD, Taub ML, Kostyniak PJ: Primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Feb;112(2):310-7. The present study further developed primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) as an in vitro model to study chemical-induced toxicity by investigating the comparative cytotoxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) and methyl mercury (CH3HgCl) to RPTC. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |