Protein Information

Name CD8
Synonyms CD8; p32; MAL; CD8A; CD8a antigen; CD8a molecule; LEU2 T lymphocyte antigen; Leu2…

Compound Information

Name mercuric chloride
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1716519 Rossert J, Pelletier L, Pasquier R, Villarroya H, Oriol R, Druet P: HgCl2-induced perturbation of the T cell network in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Cell Immunol. 1991 Oct 15;137(2):367-78.

Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces in Lewis (LEW) rats a non-antigen-specific immunosuppression and is able to down-modulate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in about 70% of the rats.
Highly frequent CD8+ T suppressor cells and at least 10-fold less frequent protein basic-specific T helper cells were detected in these rats.
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9570334 Kosuda LL, Whalen B, Greiner DL, Bigazzi PE: Mercury-induced autoimmunity in Brown Norway rats: kinetics of changes in RT6+ T lymphocytes correlated with IgG isotypes of circulating autoantibodies to laminin 1. Toxicology. 1998 Feb 6;125(2-3):215-31.


We have also observed a significant percent decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes as well as an increase in CD4-CD8- cells.
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2387096 Tournade H, Pelletier L, Pasquier R, Vial MC, Mandet C, Druet P: Graft-versus-host reactions in the rat mimic toxin-induced autoimmunity. Clin Exp Immunol. 1990 Aug;81(2):334-8.


This is to be compared with the CD8-mediated immunosuppression observed in LEW rats injected with HgCl2.
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7697730 van der Meide PH, de Labie MC, Botman CA, Aten J, Weening JJ: Nitric oxide suppresses IFN-gamma production in the spleen of mercuric chloride-exposed brown Norway rats. Cell Immunol. 1995 Apr 1;161(2):195-206.

Flow cytometric analysis and spleen cell counts revealed marked differences in the splenic subset composition between Lewis and BN rats with an anomalous low frequency of erythrocytes and CD8+ T cells and a strikingly high number of B cells in the BN spleen.
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15762872 Vinen CS, Turner DR, Oliveira DB: A role for alphabeta T cells in the resistant phase of the Brown Norway rat model of vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005 Apr;140(1):32-40.


Administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl (2)) to Brown Norway rats causes Th2 dominated autoimmunity including a caecal vasculitis.
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1748484 Saoudi A, Bellon B, de Kozak Y, Kuhn J, Vial MC, Thillaye B, Druet P: Prevention of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and experimental autoimmune pinealitis in (Lewis x Brown-Norway) F1 rats by HgCl2 injections. Immunology. 1991 Oct;74(2):348-54.


Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces in Brown-Norway (BN) and (Lewis x Brown-Norway) F1 hybrid rats a transient autoimmune disease characterized by the production of various antibodies to self and non-self antigens and by a dramatic increase of serum IgE.
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18958740 Pilones K, Lai ZW, Gavalchin J: Prenatal HgCl (2) Exposure Alters Fetal Cell Phenotypes. J Immunotoxicol. 2007 Oct;4(4):295-301.


After overnight breeding of female BALB/c and male DBA/1 mice, pregnant females were exposed to 10 mg/l mercuric chloride in drinking water.
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2139074 Tournade H, Pelletier L, Pasquier R, Vial MC, Mandet C, Druet P: D-penicillamine-induced autoimmunity in Brown-Norway rats. J Immunol. 1990 Apr 15;144(8):2985-91.


These manifestations are quite similar to those observed in mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced autoimmunity.
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9409645 Loftenius A, Ekstrand J, Moller E: In vitro effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on human mononuclear cells. . Clin Exp Immunol. 1997 Dec;110(3):418-22.

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19678760 Pilones K, Tatum A, Gavalchin J: Gestational exposure to mercury leads to persistent changes in T-cell phenotype and function in adult DBF1 mice. J Immunotoxicol. 2009 Sep;6(3):161-70.


After overnight breeding to DBA/1 males, pregnant BALB/c dams were given either mercuric chloride in drinking water at 10 mg/L ad libitum for the duration of gestation or plain water.
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8918574 Kiely PD, O'Brien D, Oliveira DB: Anti-CD8 treatment reduces the severity of inflammatory arthritis, but not vasculitis, in mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity. Clin Exp Immunol. 1996 Nov;106(2):280-5.

Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces a T cell-dependent autoimmune syndrome in Brown-Norway (BN) rats characterized by a humoral response, tissue injury with an accumulation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and an increase in tissue IL-4 mRNA and serum IgE suggesting Th2 cell activation.
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1909641 Mathieson PW, Stapleton KJ, Oliveira DB, Lockwood CM: Immunoregulation of mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity in Brown Norway rats: a role for CD8+ T cells revealed by in vivo depletion studies. Eur J Immunol. 1991 Sep;21(9):2105-9.
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14599845 Field AC, Bloch MF, Bellon B: Neonatal tolerance to a Th2-mediated autoimmune disease generates CD8+ Tc1 regulatory cells. J Autoimmun. 2003 Nov;21(3):201-12.

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12594276 Field AC, Caccavelli L, Bloch MF, Bellon B: Regulatory CD8+ T cells control neonatal tolerance to a Th2-mediated autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2003 Mar 1;170(5):2508-15.

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1446702 van den Broek MF, de Heer E, van Bruggen MC, de Roo G, Kleiverda K, Eulderink F, van den Berg WB: Immunomodulation of streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. Eur J Immunol. 1992 Dec;22(12):3091-5.

Identification of inflammatory cells and regulatory T cell subsets by mercuric chloride and in vivo CD8 depletion..
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8096239 Castedo M, Pelletier L, Rossert J, Pasquier R, Villarroya H, Druet P: Mercury-induced autoreactive anti-class II T cell line protects from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by the bias of CD8+ antiergotypic cells in Lewis rats. J Exp Med. 1993 Apr 1;177(4):881-9.

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2137255 Pelletier L, Rossert J, Pasquier R, Vial MC, Druet P: Role of CD8+ T cells in mercury-induced autoimmunity or immunosuppression in the rat. Scand J Immunol. 1990 Jan;31(1):65-74.

In Brown-Norway (BN) rats mercuric chloride induces an autoimmune disease characterized by an increase in serum IgE concentration, and by the production of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies responsible for a glomerulonephritis with a heavy proteinuria. (i) This disease results from a B-cell polyclonal activation probably due to frequent anti-class II T cells. (ii) The self limitation observed in this model is associated with both a decrease in the frequency of anti-class II T cells and the emergence of CD8+ T cells able to suppress these autoreactive T cells. (iii) In Lewis (LEW) rats which do not develop autoimmunity, HgCl2 provokes the appearance of non-antigen-specific CD8+ T cells responsible for a depression of T-cell functions.
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1832585 Pelletier L, Rossert J, Pasquier R, Villarroya H, Oriol R, Druet P: HgCl2-induced perturbation of the T cell network in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Cell Immunol. 1991 Oct 15;137(2):379-88.


Immunol. 137, 1991), we showed by using limiting dilution analysis that Lewis (LEW) rats injected with HgCl2 and immunized with myelin (LEWHg/MYE) exhibit anti-basic protein CD4+ T helper cells (Th), at least 10-fold more frequent CD8+ T suppressor cells (Ts), and T contrasuppressor cells (Tcs).
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3052091 Aten J, Bosman CB, Rozing J, Stijnen T, Hoedemaeker PJ, Weening JJ: Mercuric chloride-induced autoimmunity in the brown Norway rat. Am J Pathol. 1988 Oct;133(1):127-38.

An early increase of CD4+ splenocytes was followed by a transient proliferation of CD4+ as well as CD8+ and B lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid organs; in contrast, progressive depletion of the thymic cortex was found.
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7612148 Qasim FJ, Thiru S, Mathieson PW, Oliveira DB: The time course and characterization of mercuric chloride-induced immunopathology in the brown Norway rat. J Autoimmun. 1995 Apr;8(2):193-208.

We confirmed that of peripheral blood T cells in the BN rat, less than 20% were CD8+ and a similar proportion were CD4+CD45RChigh, but found that less than 75% of CD8+ T cells were CD45RChigh (in other strains of rat more than 90% CD8+ T cells are CD45RChigh).
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9790309 Roos A, Claessen N, Schilder-Tol EJ, Weening JJ, Aten J: Differential expression of T-cell adhesion molecules and LFA-1-dependent intercellular adhesion in HgCl2-induced autoimmunity and immune suppression. Scand J Immunol. 1998 Oct;48(4):389-96.


In contrast, in Lewis rats, HgCl2 induces immune suppression, mediated by CD8+ T cells.
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7897203 Jiang Y, Moller G: In vitro effects of HgCl2 on murine lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1995 Apr 1;154(7):3138-46.


Cell phenotype analysis demonstrated that HgCl2 induced both proliferation and transformation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from BALB/c mice (responder strain).
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8972737 Jiang Y, Moller G: Unresponsiveness of CD4+ T cells from a non-responder strain to HgCl2 is not due to CD8 (+)-mediated immunosuppression: an analysis of the very early activation antigen CD69. Scand J Immunol. 1996 Dec;44(6):565-70.


However, the CD69 antigen was induced on CD8+ T cells from all strains irrespective whether they were susceptible or resistant to mercury-induced autoimmunity.
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8633208 Roos A, Claessen N, Weening JJ, Aten J: Enhanced T lymphocyte expression of LFA-1, ICAM-1, and the TNF receptor family member OX40 in HgCl2-induced systemic autoimmunity. Scand J Immunol. 1996 May;43(5):507-18.

Injection of mercuric chloride into Brown Norway (BN) rats induces a T lymphocyte-dependent autoimmune syndrome.
Tri-colour flow cytometry was performed for expression analysis within CD45RC-defined subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ cells.
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9565363 Albers R, de Heer C, Bol M, Bleumink R, Seinen W, Pieters R: Selective immunomodulation by the autoimmunity-inducing xenobiotics streptozotocin and HgCl2. Eur J Immunol. 1998 Apr;28(4):1233-42.


A single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) increased the number of CD8+ cells, macrophages, apoptotic cells, and IFN-gamma-producing T helper and T cytotoxic cells, whereas the number of CD4+ cells and B cells was reduced in the draining lymph node.
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19404869 Zefferino R, Leone A, Piccaluga S, Cincione R, Ambrosi L: Mercury modulates interplay between IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and gap junctional intercellular communication in keratinocytes: mitigation by lycopene. J Immunotoxicol. 2008 Oct;5(4):353-60.


Specifically, TNFalpha and IL-1beta are important for initiating/augmenting CD8 (+)- and NK-cell mediated killing; however, in what appears counterintuitive, each--at times--can act to protect cancer cells against apoptosis, a major mechanism for cell killing from within.
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9052851 Ghielli M, Verstrepen WA, Dauwe S, Nouwen EJ, De Broe ME: Selective depletion of CD8-positive leukocytes does not alter mercuric chloride induced acute renal failure in the rat. Exp Nephrol. 1997 Jan-Feb;5(1):69-81.

In a first trial to investigate this hypothesis, the CD8-positive subset of leukocytes, consisting mainly of cytotoxic and suppressor T lymphocytes and to a lesser extent of natural killer cells, was depleted in vivo in rats by means of a monoclonal antibody directed against CD8.
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2009908 Aten J, Veninga A, De Heer E, Rozing J, Nieuwenhuis P, Hoedemaeker PJ, Weening JJ: Susceptibility to the induction of either autoimmunity or immunosuppression by mercuric chloride is related to the major histocompatibility complex class II haplotype. Eur J Immunol. 1991 Mar;21(3):611-6.

Lewis rats are resistant to HgCl2-induced autoantibody production and, in contrast, develop immunosuppression, mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes.
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7540753 Gaulier A, Fourcade C, Szekeres G, Pulik M: Bone marrow one step fixation-decalcification in Lowy FMA solution: an immunohistological and in situ hybridization study. Pathol Res Pract. 1994 Dec;190(12):1149-61.

The safety handling of the toxic mercuric chloride component is discussed.
A slide microwave pre-treatment appeared essential before testing CD20 L26, CD8, CD3, CD34, MB1 Kappa and Lambda antibodies.
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11367541 Pollard KM, Landberg GP: The in vitro proliferation of murine lymphocytes to mercuric chloride is restricted to mature T cells and is interleukin 1 dependent. Int Immunopharmacol. 2001 Mar;1(3):581-93.

Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells proliferated in response to HgCl2, but B cells and immature T cells (thymocytes) did not.
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14971028 Layland LE, Wulferink M, Dierkes S, Gleichmann E: Drug-induced autoantibody formation in mice: triggering by primed CD4+CD25- T cells, prevention by primed CD4+CD25+ T cells. Eur J Immunol. 2004 Jan;34(1):36-46.

Procainamide, mercuric chloride, and gold (I) are three xenobiotics that can induce autoimmune reactions in humans and rodents.
After the induction of IgG1 antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) in mice treated with either of the above xenobiotics, adoptive transfer of their CD4+CD25+ T cells completely prevented ANA formation in recipients treated with the same xenobiotic; transfer of CD8+ T cells was ineffective.
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9135547 Hu H, Abedi-Valugerdi M, Moller G: Pretreatment of lymphocytes with mercury in vitro induces a response in T cells from genetically determined low-responders and a shift of the interleukin profile. Immunology. 1997 Feb;90(2):198-204.

We found that in vitro mercuric chloride induced a high proliferative response in spleen lymphocytes from mercury-susceptible SJL mice, but a low response in resistant mice, such as C57BL/6 (H-2b), A/J (H-2a) and CBA (H-2k) mice.
Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were activated in the restored response, but CD4+ T cells was the major responding cell population, as in high-responder mice.
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10886235 Cederbrant K, Hultman P: Characterization of mercuric mercury (Hg2+)-induced lymphoblasts from patients with mercury allergy and from healthy subjects. Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Jul;121(1):23-30.


In this respect Hg2+ differs from the classical bacterial superantigen SEB, which also stimulates unique TCR Vbeta families among CD8+ cells.
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2691904 Druet P, Tournade H, Pelletier L, Rossert J, Pasquier R: [Immune glomerulopathies of toxic origin. Nephrologie. 1989;10(3):103-7.


However the recipient had to be depleted in suppressor/cytotoxic T cells by treatment with an anti-CD8 antibody for a full-blown disease to appear.
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10529590 Loftenius A, Ekstrand J, Moller E: HgCl (2)-induced human lymphocyte activation in vitro: a superantigenic mechanism?. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999 Sep;120(1):63-70.

Mercuric chloride (HgCl (2)) has been proposed to be a mitogen for human blood lymphocytes in vitro.
The 22 TCR-Vbeta-specific antibodies used were found to react with 55-80% of the naive CD4+ and CD8+ blood T cells from the different donors.
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