Protein Information

Name aldehyde dehydrogenase (protein family or complex)
Synonyms aldehyde dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenases

Compound Information

Name allyl alcohol
CAS 2-propen-1-ol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2886311 Rikans LE: The oxidation of acrolein by rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenases. Drug Metab Dispos. 1987 May-Jun;15(3):356-62.

The effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition on allyl alcohol toxicity was determined by pretreating rats with cyanamide or disulfiram prior to treatment with allyl alcohol.
197(2,3,3,7) Details
3889625 Neudecker T, Henschler D: Allyl isothiocyanate is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat Res. 1985 Apr-May;156(1-2):33-7.

Another metabolic pathway, namely hydrolysis to allyl alcohol and oxidation to acrolein, a known mutagen, also seems possible as cyanamide, inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, can slightly increase the mutagenic potential.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
9972923 Lee JY, Chung SM, Lee MY, Chung JH: Ethanol co-exposure increases lethality of allyl alcohol in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Jan 22;56(2):121-30.

Since allyl alcohol and ethanol are both metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), ethanol could affect allyl-alcohol induced toxicity under in vivo coexposure conditions.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
3156001 Ohno Y, Jones TW, Ormstad K: Allyl alcohol toxicity in isolated renal epithelial cells: protective effects of low molecular weight thiols. Chem Biol Interact. 1985 Jan;52(3):289-99.

Pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, abolished the cytotoxic effects of allyl alcohol whereas inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram treatment was found to increase the sensitivity of renal cells to the effects of allyl alcohol.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
2596853 Silva JM, O'Brien PJ: Allyl alcohol- and acrolein-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. . Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Dec;275(2):551-8.

However, cytotoxicity of both allyl alcohol and acrolein was enhanced by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors cyanamide and disulfiram.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
3668850 Rikans LE, Moore DR: Effect of age and sex on allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity in rats: role of liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1987 Oct;243(1):20-6.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2795457 Mitchell DY, Petersen DR: Metabolism of the glutathione-acrolein adduct, S-(2-aldehydo-ethyl) glutathione, by rat liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Oct;251(1):193-8.

Collectively, these results indicate that the glutathione-acrolein adduct formed after exposure to acrolein, or as a result of allyl alcohol oxidation and cyclophosphamide metabolism, can be oxidized by hepatic ALDH or ADH, respectively.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10528996 Hammond AH, Fry JR: Effect of cyanamide on toxicity and glutathione depletion in rat hepatocyte cultures: differences between two dichloropropanol isomers. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 Sep 30;122(2):107-15.


The effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition by cyanamide pre-treatment in vitro on dichloropropanol-dependent toxicity and glutathione depletion was investigated in 24 h rat hepatocyte cultures.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11835630 Burcham PC, Fontaine F: Extensive protein carbonylation precedes acrolein-mediated cell death in mouse hepatocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2001;15(6):309-16.

Allyl alcohol hepatotoxicity is mediated by an alcohol dehydrogenase-derived biotranformation product, acrolein.
Conversely, cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, enhanced cytotoxicity and protein carbonylation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3801056 Jaeschke H, Kleinwaechter C, Wendel A: The role of acrolein in allyl alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation and liver cell damage in mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 Jan 1;36(1):51-7.

In vivo-inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by pyrazole or induction of aldehyde dehydrogenase by phenobarbital abolished AA-induced liver damage as well as glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation, while inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by cyanamide made a subtoxic dose of AA (0.60 mmol/kg) highly toxic.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8861782 Khan S, Sood C, O'Brien PJ: The involvement of cytochrome P4502E1 in 2-bromoethanol-induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1996 Apr;78(4):241-8.


Furthermore, aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors-cyanamide or chloral hydrate increased 2-bromoethanol dependent hepatocyte susceptibility.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2930914 Ohno Y, Ormstad K, Ross D, Orrenius S: Mechanism of allyl alcohol toxicity and protective effects of low-molecular-weight thiols studied with isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Apr;78(2):169-79.

The toxicity was prevented by inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase and augmented by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram, suggesting that the toxic metabolite was the reactive aldehyde acrolein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2886987 Penttila KE, Makinen J, Lindros KO: Allyl alcohol liver injury: suppression by ethanol and relation to transient glutathione depletion. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 May;60(5):340-4.

On the other hand, attempts to potentiate the toxicity of acrolein by the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide enhanced only the release of alanine aminotransferase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details