| Name | AFAR |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | AFAR; AFAR 1; AFAR1; AFB1 AR 1; AFB1 AR1; AKR 7; AKR7; AKR7A2… |
| Name | ethoxyquin |
|---|---|
| CAS | 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10706111 | Kelly VP, Ellis EM, Manson MM, Chanas SA, Moffat GJ, McLeod R, Judah DJ, Neal GE, Hayes JD: Chemoprevention of hepatocarcinogenesis by a natural benzopyrone that is a potent inducer of -aldehyde reductase, the glutathione S-transferase A5 and P1 subunits, and NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase in rat liver. Cancer Res. 2000 Feb 15;60(4):957-69. Treatment with either phytochemicals [benzyl isothiocyanate, (CMRN), or or synthetic antioxidants and other drugs (butylated hydroxyanisole, diethyl ethoxyquin, beta-naphthoflavone, oltipraz, phenobarbital, or trans-stilbene oxide) has been found to increase hepatic aldo-keto reductase activity toward -dialdehyde and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity toward -8,9-epoxide in both male and female rats. Under the conditions used, the natural benzopyrone CMRN was a major inducer of the aldehyde reductase (AFAR) and the aflatoxin-conjugating class-alpha GST A5 subunit in rat liver, causing elevations of between 25- and 35-fold in hepatic levels of these proteins. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19695238 | Lubet RA, Yao R, Grubbs CJ, You M, Wang Y: Induced expression of drug metabolizing enzymes by preventive agents: role of the antioxidant response element. Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Nov 10;182(1):22-8. Epub 2009 Aug 18. The agents examined, which might be expected to respond via specific nuclear receptors (CAR, AhR) as well as antioxidant response elements (AREs), included Phase I/II inducers [5,6-benzoflavone (BF, 5000mg/kg diet), diallyl sulfide (DAS, 500mg/kg BW/day), ethoxyquin (EXO, 300mg/kg BW/day) and phenobarbital (PB, 500mg/kg diet)] or pure Phase II inducers [1,2-dithiol-3-thione (DTT, 500mg/kg diet), and cyclopentadithiolthione (CPDTT, 175mg/kg BW/day)]. In genes with known AREs, the induction ratios (Levels Treated/Levels Controls) were: quinone oxidoreductase (BF, 8:1; DTT, 3.2:1; CPDTT, 3:1; DAS, 1.8:1; Exo, 1.7:1), transferase Pi (DTT, 36:1; CPDTT, 34:1; EXO, 8:1; DAS, 5:1; BF, 2.5:1), and keto reductase 7A3 (AFAR) (DTT and CPDTT, 14:1; DAS, 6:1; EXO, 4:1; PB, 1.5:1). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 8665510 | Ellis EM, Judah DJ, Neal GE, O'Connor T, Hayes JD: Regulation of carbonyl-reducing enzymes in rat liver by chemoprotectors. Cancer Res. 1996 Jun 15;56(12):2758-66. This method has been used to show that, in addition to AFAR, two other rat liver carbonyl-reducing enzymes are induced by ethoxyquin, and that these are distinct from NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase. |
91(1,1,2,6) | Details |
| 8923030 | Hayes JD, McLeod R, Ellis EM, Pulford DJ, Ireland LS, McLellan LI, Judah DJ, Manson MM, Neal GE: Regulation of glutathione S-transferases and aldehyde reductase by chemoprotectors: studies of mechanisms responsible for inducible resistance to IARC Sci Publ. 1996;(139):175-87. Enzyme assay and western blotting have shown that many chemoprotectors, such as ethoxyquin, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, oltipraz and that inhibit -mediated hepatocarcinogenesis induce both GST Yc2 and AFAR. |
84(1,1,1,4) | Details |
| 10816434 | Kelly VP, Ireland LS, Ellis EM, Hayes JD: Purification from rat liver of a novel constitutively expressed member of the aldo-keto reductase 7 family that is widely distributed in extrahepatic tissues. Biochem J. 2000 Jun 1;348 Pt 2:389-400. This novel enzyme is designated rat aflatoxin B (1) aldehyde reductase 2 (rAFAR2) and it characteristically migrates faster during SDS/PAGE than does the archetypal ethoxyquin-inducible rAFAR protein (now called rAFAR1). |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 9823300 | Praml C, Savelyeva L, Perri P, Schwab M: Cloning of the human -aldehyde reductase gene at 1p35-1p36.1 in a region frequently altered in human tumor cells. Cancer Res. 1998 Nov 15;58(22):5014-8. In rat liver, Afar is strongly inducible by the antioxidants ethoxyquin and butylated hydroxyanisole, which protect the rat against -induced liver tumorigenesis by detoxifying its genotoxic and cytotoxic dialdehyde. Human AFAR is expressed in a broad range of tissues and, therefore, is likely involved in endogenous detoxication pathways. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 9679543 | Hayes JD, Pulford DJ, Ellis EM, McLeod R, James RF, Seidegard J, Mosialou E, Jernstrom B, Neal GE: Regulation of rat glutathione S-transferase A5 by cancer chemopreventive agents: mechanisms of inducible resistance to Chem Biol Interact. 1998 Apr 24;111-112:51-67. In addition to GSTA5, we have identified a novel aflatoxin-aldehyde reductase (AFAR) that is similarly induced by ethoxyquin. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 12123834 | Hinshelwood A, McGarvie G, Ellis E: Characterisation of a novel mouse liver aldo-keto reductase AKR7A5. FEBS Lett. 2002 Jul 17;523(1-3):213-8. We have characterised a novel aldo-keto reductase (AKR7A5) from mouse liver that is 78% identical to rat aflatoxin dialdehyde reductase AKR7A1 and 89% identical to human (SSA) reductase AKR7A2. The protein is not inducible in the liver by dietary ethoxyquin. |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |