Protein Information

Name MK2
Synonyms MAP kinase activated protein kinase 2; MK2; MAPK activated protein kinase 2; MAPKAP kinase 2; MAPKAPK 2; MAPKAPK2; Mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2; MAPK activated protein kinase 2s…

Compound Information

Name MAA
CAS methylarsonic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8416734 Chen ZJ, Yang H, Liu CC, Hirai S, Ferrone S: Modulation by adjuvants and carriers of the immunogenicity in xenogeneic hosts of mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23, an internal image of human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen. Cancer Res. 1993 Jan 1;53(1):112-9.

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7829240 Kageshita T, Hirai S, Ono T, Ferrone S: Human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen mimicry by mouse anti-idiotypic MAb MK2-23. Int J Cancer. 1995 Jan 27;60(3):334-40.

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9816036 Mittelman A, Chen GZ, Wong GY, Liu C, Hirai S, Ferrone S: Human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen mimicry by mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23: modulation of the immunogenicity in patients with malignant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 1995 Jul;1(7):705-13.

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16061683 Wang X, Ko EC, Peng L, Gillies SD, Ferrone S: Human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen mimicry by mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23: enhancement of immunogenicity of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23 by fusion with interleukin 2. Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 1;65(15):6976-83.

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8275478 Mittelman A, Chen ZJ, Liu CC, Hirai S, Ferrone S: Kinetics of the immune response and regression of metastatic lesions following development of humoral anti-high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen immunity in three patients with advanced malignant melanoma immunized with mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23. Cancer Res. 1994 Jan 15;54(2):415-21.

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7686858 Yang H, Chen ZJ, Kageshita T, Yamada M, Ferrone S: Idiotypic cascade in the human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen system: fine specificity and idiotypic profile of anti-anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol. 1993 Jul;23(7):1671-7.


The mouse anti-idiotypic (anti-id) monoclonal antibody (mAb) MK2-23 bears the internal image of the determinant defined by the syngeneic immunizing anti-human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) mAb 763.74, since it induces anti-HMW-MAA antibodies in syngeneic and xenogeneic hosts.
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7590776 Mittelman A, Wang X, Matsumoto K, Ferrone S: Antiantiidiotypic response and clinical course of the disease in patients with malignant melanoma immunized with mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23. Hybridoma. 1995 Apr;14(2):175-81.

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1731316 Mittelman A, Chen ZJ, Yang H, Wong GY, Ferrone S: Human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) mimicry by mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23: induction of humoral anti-HMW-MAA immunity and prolongation of survival in patients with stage IV melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 15;89(2):466-70.

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9797138 Hamby CV, Chinol M, Palestro CJ, Manzo C, Ferrone S: Improved tumor targeting of rhenium-186-labeled anti-human high-m.w. melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibody 763.74 following purification with anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23. Int J Cancer. 1998 Nov 9;78(4):486-90.

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16227204 Chang CC, Hernandez-Guzman FG, Luo W, Wang X, Ferrone S, Ghosh D: Structural basis of antigen mimicry in a clinically relevant melanoma antigen system. J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 16;280(50):41546-52. Epub 2005 Oct 14.


Therefore, in this study we have characterized the structural basis of the human high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) mimicry by the mouse anti-idiotypic (anti-id) monoclonal antibody (mAb) MK2-23.
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8361995 Ferrone S, Chen ZJ, Liu CC, Hirai S, Kageshita T, Mittelman A: Human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen mimicry by mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies MK2-23. Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Feb-Mar;57(2-3):259-90.

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8227707 Ferrone S, Kageshita T, Hirai S: Active specific immunotherapy of malignant melanoma with anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. J Dermatol. 1993 Sep;20(9):533-9.


After having summarized the characteristics of HMW-MAA which account for its selection as a target for immunotherapy, we describe the development and characterization of mouse anti-id mAb MK2-23 which bears the internal image of HMW-MAA.
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1603113 Mittelman A, Puccio C, Chun H, Ahmed T: Humoral antimelanoma immunity: induction by mouse antiidiotypic mAb, MK2-23 and association with survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Mt Sinai J Med. 1992 May;59(3):234-7.

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2584721 Kusama M, Kageshita T, Chen ZJ, Ferrone S: Characterization of syngeneic antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies to murine anti-human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol. 1989 Dec 1;143(11):3844-52.


Serological and immunochemical assays detected anti-HMW-MAA antibodies only in sera from BALB/c mice immunized with mAb MK2-23.
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9430197 Mutz M, Hawthorne T, Ferrone S, Pluschke G: Titration calorimetry study of an anti-idiotypic antibody cascade in a human melanoma-associated antigen system. Mol Immunol. 1997 Jul;34(10):695-707.


The thermodynamic parameters of interactions between six variants of the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) CGP 60686 produced by the hybridoma MK2-23 with an idiotypic mAb and five different anti-anti-idiotypic mAb were studied with high sensitivity titration calorimetry.
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1409413 Chen ZJ, Yang H, Liu CC, Mittelman A, Ferrone S: Association between induction of anti high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) immunity with mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) MK2-23 and prolongation of survival in patients with melanoma. Pigment Cell Res. 1992;Suppl 2:113-22.

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8568901 Ban N, Day J, Wang X, Ferrone S, McPherson A: Crystal structure of an anti-anti-idiotype shows it to be self-complementary. J Mol Biol. 1996 Feb 2;255(4):617-27.


The structure of the Fab fragment of the mouse anti-anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) GH1002 was solved by X-ray crystallography. mAb GH1002 was elicited with the syngeneic anti-idiotype mAb MK2-23 which mimics the determinant defined by anti-human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) mAb 763.74.
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8311486 Kageshita T, Hirai S, Ono T: [Clinical trial of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies in advanced melanoma]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1994 Feb;21(2):163-9.


Among them, anti-Id mAb MK2-23 and TK7-371 were shown to have the internal image of HMW-MAA, since they induced anti-anti Id antibody that reacts with HMW-MAA and also delayed type hypersensitivity to melanoma cells.
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8541724 Baharav E, Merimsky O, Altomonte M, Shoenfeld Y, Pavlovic M, Maio M, Ferrone S, Fishman P: Anti-tyrosinase antibodies participate in the immune response to vaccination with anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking the high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen. Melanoma Res. 1995 Oct;5(5):337-43.


Seven patients with metastatic melanoma were vaccinated with anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb) MK2-23 which mimics the high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW MAA).
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1861071 Chen ZJ, Yang H, Ferrone S: Human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen mimicry by mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody MK2-23. J Immunol. 1991 Aug 1;147(3):1082-90.

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