Protein Information

Name thioredoxin
Synonyms ADF; TRX 1; TRX1; ATL derived factor; SASP; Surface associated sulphydryl protein; TRDX; TRX…

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
6114827 Anders MW, Ratnayake JH, Hanna PE, Fuchs JA: Thioredoxin-dependent sulfoxide reduction by rat renal cytosol. . Drug Metab Dispos. 1981 Jul-Aug;9(4):307-10.

Furthermore, disulfides [insulin, glutathione disulfide, L-cystine, and 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)] known to interact with thioredoxin-dependent enzyme systems inhibited sulindac reduction, as did sodium arsenite, a known inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
2719637 Flamigni F, Marmiroli S, Caldarera CM, Guarnieri C: Involvement of thiol transferase- and thioredoxin-dependent systems in the protection of 'essential' thiol groups of ornithine decarboxylase. Biochem J. 1989 Apr 1;259(1):111-5.

In an attempt to investigate the physiological role of the 'essential' thiol group (s) of ODC, erythroleukaemia cells were incubated with NN-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosourea, t-butyl hydroperoxide and vinblastine, which are known to increase the cellular GSSG/GSH ratio, azelaic acid, an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, and sodium arsenite, a strong inhibitor of the ODC-re-activating factors.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19121333 Bardullas U, Limon-Pacheco JH, Giordano M, Carrizales L, Mendoza-Trejo MS, Rodriguez VM: Chronic low-level arsenic exposure causes gender-specific alterations in locomotor activity, dopaminergic systems, and thioredoxin expression in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Sep 1;239(2):169-77. Epub 2008 Dec 14.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12519079 Chang KN, Lee TC, Tam MF, Chen YC, Lee LW, Lee SY, Lin PJ, Huang RN: Identification of galectin I and thioredoxin peroxidase II as two arsenic-binding proteins in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochem J. 2003 Apr 15;371(Pt 2):495-503.

The GST-P protein has been previously shown to facilitate the excretion of sodium arsenite [As (III)] from SA7 cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12076508 Hu Y, Jin X, Snow ET: Effect of arsenic on transcription factor AP-1 and NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and related gene expression. Toxicol Lett. 2002 Jul 7;133(1):33-45.

Both acute (24 h) and chronic (10-20 week) exposure of human fibroblast cells to low dose sodium arsenite (As (III)) significantly affects activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) DNA binding activity.
Short-term treatment with 0.1-5 microM As (III) up-regulates expression of c-Fos and c-Jun and the redox regulators, thioredoxin (Trx) and Redox factor-1 (Ref-1) and activates both AP-1 and NF-kappa B binding.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18629308 Endo H, Sugioka Y, Nakagi Y, Saijo Y, Yoshida T: A novel role of the NRF2 transcription factor in the regulation of arsenite-mediated keratin 16 gene expression in human keratinocytes. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jul;116(7):873-9.


BACKGROUND: Inorganic sodium arsenite (iAs) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is associated with an increased risk of skin hyperkeratosis and cancer.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
9027754 Brown DM, Upcroft JA, Upcroft P: A thioredoxin reductase-class of disulphide reductase in the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1996 Dec 20;83(2):211-20.


The sulphydryl-active compounds, N-ethylmaleimide, sodium arsenite and Zn2+ ions, strongly inhibited the enzyme suggesting that a thiol component forms part of the active site.
0(0,0,0,0) Details