Protein Information

Name thioredoxin reductase
Synonyms ACR 1; PLP; ACR1; AOEB166; Alu corepressor 1; Antioxidant enzyme B166; B166; Liver tissue 2D page spot 71B…

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9234670 Bobrowicz P, Wysocki R, Owsianik G, Goffeau A, Ulaszewski S: Isolation of three contiguous genes, ACR1, ACR2 and ACR3, involved in resistance to arsenic compounds in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 1997 Jul;13(9):819-28.

A 4.2 kb region from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XVI was isolated as a yeast fragment conferring resistance to 7 mM-sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), when put on a multicopy plasmid.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
9027754 Brown DM, Upcroft JA, Upcroft P: A thioredoxin reductase-class of disulphide reductase in the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1996 Dec 20;83(2):211-20.

The sulphydryl-active compounds, N-ethylmaleimide, sodium arsenite and Zn2+ ions, strongly inhibited the enzyme suggesting that a thiol component forms part of the active site.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
1575728 Lenartowicz E: Ca (2+)-sensitive reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) by rat liver mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 30;184(2):1088-93.

After lysis of mitochondria the reduction of DTNB required the addition of NADPH and EGTA and was inhibited by 1 mM sodium arsenite.
These observations suggest that the reduction of DTNB by mitochondria is catalyzed by Ca (2+)-sensitive thioredoxin reductase (EC 1.6.4.5).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16111841 Izquierdo-Vega JA, Soto CA, Sanchez-Pena LC, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Del Razo LM: Diabetogenic effects and pancreatic oxidative damage in rats subchronically exposed to arsenite. Toxicol Lett. 2006 Jan 5;160(2):135-42. Epub 2005 Aug 18.

Male Wistar rats were administered sodium arsenite at 1.7 mg/kg (12 h), or water (controls) orally for 90 days.
The activity of pancreatic thioredoxin reductase was lower than the control group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18587442 Talbot S, Nelson R, Self WT: Arsenic trioxide and auranofin inhibit selenoprotein synthesis: implications for chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Jul;154(5):940-8. Epub 2008 Apr 21.


Recently, As2O3 was shown to inhibit the activity of the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15695021 Miyazaki K, Watanabe C, Mori K, Yoshida K, Ohtsuka R: The effects of gestational arsenic exposure and dietary selenium deficiency on selenium and selenoenzymes in maternal and fetal tissues in mice. Toxicology. 2005 Mar 30;208(3):357-65.

In the present study pregnant mice, fed either Se-deficient or adequate (0 or 5 micromol Se/kg diet, respectively) diet, were given oral gavage of sodium arsenite (0 or 58 micromol/kg per day; chosen as less than half of the fetotoxic dose in this protocol) from gestational day (GD) 7-16.
The levels of As and Se as well as five selenoenzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TRxR), and type-I, -II and -III iodothyronine deiodinases (DI-I, -II and -III) were examined on GD17 in the tissues of dams and of fetus.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2719637 Flamigni F, Marmiroli S, Caldarera CM, Guarnieri C: Involvement of thiol transferase- and thioredoxin-dependent systems in the protection of 'essential' thiol groups of ornithine decarboxylase. Biochem J. 1989 Apr 1;259(1):111-5.

In an attempt to investigate the physiological role of the 'essential' thiol group (s) of ODC, erythroleukaemia cells were incubated with NN-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-nitrosourea, t-butyl hydroperoxide and vinblastine, which are known to increase the cellular GSSG/GSH ratio, azelaic acid, an inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, and sodium arsenite, a strong inhibitor of the ODC-re-activating factors.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
6114827 Anders MW, Ratnayake JH, Hanna PE, Fuchs JA: Thioredoxin-dependent sulfoxide reduction by rat renal cytosol. . Drug Metab Dispos. 1981 Jul-Aug;9(4):307-10.

Furthermore, disulfides [insulin, glutathione disulfide, L-cystine, and 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)] known to interact with thioredoxin-dependent enzyme systems inhibited sulindac reduction, as did sodium arsenite, a known inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase.
81(1,1,1,1) Details