Protein Information

Name protein kinase C (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Protein kinase C; PKC

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17306850 Pereira FE, Coffin JD, Beall HD: Activation of protein kinase C and disruption of endothelial monolayer integrity by sodium arsenite--Potential mechanism in the development of atherosclerosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Apr 15;220(2):164-77. Epub 2007 Jan 12.
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11746514 Tanabe K, Kozawa O, Niwa M, Yamomoto T, Matsuno H, Ito H, Kato K, Dohi S, Uematsu T: Contrasting effects of midazolam on induction of heat shock protein 27 by vasopressin and heat in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem. 2001;84(1):39-46.

We previously showed that vasopressin stimulates the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) 27, a low molecular-weight HSP, through protein kinase C activation in aortic smooth muscle A10 cells.
In the present study, we examined the effects of midazolam, an intravenous anesthetic, on the HSP27 induction stimulated by vasopressin, heat, or sodium arsenite (arsenite) in A10 cells.
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16534746 Requejo R, Tena M: Maize response to acute arsenic toxicity as revealed by proteome analysis of plant shoots. Proteomics. 2006 Apr;6 Suppl 1:S156-62.

Aerial parts (shoots) of maize seedlings fed hydroponically with 300 muM sodium arsenate [As (V)] or 250 muM sodium arsenite [As (III)] for 24 h were analyzed for differentially expressed proteins by 2-DE and digital image analysis.
These proteins were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and 7 of them were identified: translation initiation factor eIF-5A, ATP synthase, cysteine synthase, malate dehydrogenase, protein kinase C inhibitor, Tn10 transposase-like protein, and guanine nucleotide binding protein.
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8836877 Suzuki A, Kozawa O, Oiso Y, Kato K: Protein kinase C activation inhibits stress-induced synthesis of heat shock protein 27 in osteoblast-like cells: function of arachidonic acid. J Cell Biochem. 1996 Jul;62(1):69-75.

Exposure of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells to sodium arsenite (arsenite) increased the level of heat shock protein 27 (hsp27).
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17055342 Suwalsky M, Rivera C, Norris B, Cardenas H: Sodium arsenite affects Na+ transport in the isolated skin of the toad Pleurodema thaul. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2007 Jul-Aug;146(1-2):138-46. Epub 2006 Sep 16.

However, an increase in electric parameters was noted during the initial 30 min in 22 experiments, indicating a possible translocation of cytosolic protein kinase C (PKC) to the membrane within 15 min, thus stimulating sodium transport; this is followed by a progressive inhibition of kinase activity.
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11525238 Kato K, Ito H, Iwamoto I, Lida K, Inaguma Y: Protein kinase inhibitors can suppress stress-induced dissociation of Hsp27. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2001 Jan;6(1):16-20.


These results suggest that the phosphorylation of Hsp27 is catalyzed by 2 protein kinases, p38 MAP kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase-2/3 and protein kinase C.
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11862762 Kozawa O, Tokuda H: [Heat shock protein 27 in osteoblasts] . Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2002 Feb;119(2):89-94.

Chemical stress by sodium arsenite (arsenite) induces HSP27 coupled to the metabolic activity of the arachidonic acid cascade, and the HSP27 induction by arsenite is negatively regulated by activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
On the contrary, physiological regulators of bone such as endothelin-1, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), PGD2, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induce HSP 27 via protein kinase C (PKC) activation.
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7858064 Vietor I, Vilcek J: Pathways of heat shock protein 28 phosphorylation by TNF in human fibroblasts. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 1994 Oct;13(5):315-23.


Treatment of FS-4 cells with sodium arsenite led to a very strong increase in the phosphorylation of Hsp28 demonstrable after 5 min and persisting for at least 4 h.
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8917425 Kawasaki H, Moriguchi T, Matsuda S, Li HZ, Nakamura S, Shimohama S, Kimura J, Gotoh Y, Nishida E: Ras-dependent and Ras-independent activation pathways for the stress-activated-protein-kinase cascade. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Oct 15;241(2):315-21.


Here, we show that treatment of these cells with sodium arsenite, a chemical compound that mimics the effects of heat shock, or anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, induces activation of SAPKs potently.
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