Protein Information

Name MAPKAP kinase 2
Synonyms MAP kinase activated protein kinase 2; MK2; MAPK activated protein kinase 2; MAPKAP kinase 2; MAPKAPK 2; MAPKAPK2; Mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2; MAPK activated protein kinase 2s…

Compound Information

Name sodium arsenite
CAS sodium arsenenite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11525238 Kato K, Ito H, Iwamoto I, Lida K, Inaguma Y: Protein kinase inhibitors can suppress stress-induced dissociation of Hsp27. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2001 Jan;6(1):16-20.


These results suggest that the phosphorylation of Hsp27 is catalyzed by 2 protein kinases, p38 MAP kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase-2/3 and protein kinase C.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7851416 Huot J, Lambert H, Lavoie JN, Guimond A, Houle F, Landry J: Characterization of 45-kDa/54-kDa HSP27 kinase, a stress-sensitive kinase which may activate the phosphorylation-dependent protective function of mammalian 27-kDa heat-shock protein HSP27. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Jan 15;227(1-2):416-27.

The kinase activity in extracts of cells stimulated by heat shock, H2O2, sodium arsenite, TNF or growth factors was identified by in-gel renaturation and purified approximately 8000-fold by sequential chromatography.
In all cases, the induced kinase activity was entirely associated with two polypeptides of 45 kDa and 54 kDa, identified as mitogen-activated-protein kinase-activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase-2 based on its reactivation in vitro by 42/44-kDa MAP kinases, its antigenic properties and its substrate specificity.
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10779545 Werz O, Klemm J, Samuelsson B, Radmark O: 5-lipoxygenase is phosphorylated by p38 kinase-dependent MAPKAP kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 9;97(10):5261-6.

Different agents activated the 5-LO kinase activities, including stimuli for cellular leukotriene biosynthesis (A23187, thapsigargin, N-formyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), compounds that up-regulate the capacity for leukotriene biosynthesis (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor), and well known p38 stimuli as sodium arsenite and sorbitol.
Based on migration properties in in-gel kinase assays and immunoreactivity, one of these was identified as mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase 2).
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9806907 Shaw M, Cohen P, Alessi DR: The activation of protein kinase B by H2O2 or heat shock is mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and not by mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2. Biochem J. 1998 Nov 15;336 ( Pt 1):241-6.

Protein kinase B (PKB) isoforms became activated [and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) became inhibited] when mouse Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts were exposed to oxidative stress (H2O2) or heat shock, but not when they were exposed to osmotic shock (0.5 M sorbitol or 0. 7 M NaCl), chemical stress (sodium arsenite), the protein-synthesis inhibitor anisomycin, or UV radiation.
In contrast, all seven stimuli activated mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAP-K2).
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18476811 Zeng Y, Sankala H, Zhang X, Graves PR: Phosphorylation of Argonaute 2 at serine-387 facilitates its localization to processing bodies. Biochem J. 2008 Aug 1;413(3):429-36.


Phosphorylation of Ago2 at serine-387 was significantly induced by treatment with sodium arsenite or anisomycin, and arsenite-induced phosphorylation was inhibited by a p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor, but not by inhibitors of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) or MEK [MAPK/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase].
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12749847 Fernando P, Megeney LA, Heikkila JJ: Phosphorylation-dependent structural alterations in the small hsp30 chaperone are associated with cellular recovery. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Jun 10;286(2):175-85.

Both heat stress and sodium arsenite treatment in A6 cells resulted in a rapid activation of p38alpha and MAPKAPK-2.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
9768359 Ben-Levy R, Hooper S, Wilson R, Paterson HF, Marshall CJ: Nuclear export of the stress-activated protein kinase p38 mediated by its substrate MAPKAP kinase-2. Curr Biol. 1998 Sep 24;8(19):1049-57.

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7923353 Rouse J, Cohen P, Trigon S, Morange M, Alonso-Llamazares A, Zamanillo D, Hunt T, Nebreda AR: A novel kinase cascade triggered by stress and heat shock that stimulates MAPKAP kinase-2 and phosphorylation of the small heat shock proteins. Cell. 1994 Sep 23;78(6):1027-37.

In several cell lines, however, MAPKAP kinase-2 is activated by sodium arsenite, heat shock, or osmotic stress and not by agonists that activate p42/p44MAPK.
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10704466 Allen M, Svensson L, Roach M, Hambor J, McNeish J, Gabel CA: Deficiency of the stress kinase p38alpha results in embryonic lethality: characterization of the kinase dependence of stress responses of enzyme-deficient embryonic stem cells. J Exp Med. 2000 Mar 6;191(5):859-70.


In contrast, p38alpha (1/+) ES cells and primary embryonic fibroblasts responded to stress stimuli and phosphorylated p38alpha, and activated MAPKAP kinase 2.
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