Protein Information

Name catalase
Synonyms CAT; Catalase; Erythrocyte derived growth promoting factor; Carnitine O acetyltransferase; Carnitine acetylase; Carnitine acetyltransferase; CAT; Catalases…

Compound Information

Name ferrous sulfate
CAS sulfuric acid iron(2+) salt (1:1)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2553987 Kaneko M, Lee SL, Wolf CM, Dhalla NS: Reduction of calcium channel antagonist binding sites by oxygen free radicals in rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1989 Sep;21(9):935-43.


Both hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals also depressed the Bmax for [3H]-nitrendipine binding without any significant change in Kd; catalase and mannitol showed protective effects on hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radicals induced depression in Bmax, respectively.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6338823 McDonald LC, Hackney CR, Ray B: Enhanced recovery of injured Escherichia coli by compounds that degrade hydrogen peroxide or block its formation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Feb;45(2):360-5.

Various concentrations of the following compounds were tested: sodium pyruvate, 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, catalase, ascorbic acid, potassium permanganate, sodium thioglycolate, dimethylsulfoxide, ethoxyquin, n-propyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol sodium metabisulfite, and ferrous sulfate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
7786029 Byvoet P, Balis JU, Shelley SA, Montgomery MR, Barber MJ: Detection of hydroxyl radicals upon interaction of ozone with aqueous media or extracellular surfactant: the role of trace iron. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jun 1;319(2):464-9.

Addition of 10 microM ferrous sulfate to this mixture produced a 10-fold increase of the signal, which was attenuated in the presence of 1500 U catalase, strongly attenuated with 50-500 microM deferoxamine or 8000 U catalase and abolished by higher concentration of deferoxamine (1 mM).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10915642 Rao RK, Li L, Baker RD, Baker SS, Gupta A: Glutathione oxidation and PTPase inhibition by hydrogen peroxide in Caco-2 cell monolayer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Aug;279(2):G332-40.

Xanthine oxidase-induced permeability was potentiated by superoxide dismutase and prevented by catalase.
H (2) O (2)-induced permeability was prevented by ferrous sulfate and potentiated by deferoxamine and 1,10-phenanthroline.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10320635 Porres JM, Stahl CH, Cheng WH, Fu Y, Roneker KR, Pond WG, Lei XG: Dietary intrinsic phytate protects colon from lipid peroxidation in pigs with a moderately high dietary iron intake. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999 May;221(1):80-6.

Moderately high dietary iron induced hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity (P= 0.06) and protein expression, but decreased catalase (P < 0.05) in the colonic mucosa.
Thirty-two weanling pigs were fed the corn-soy diets containing two levels of iron (as ferrous sulfate, 80 or 750 mg/kg diet) and microbial phytase (as Natuphos, BASF, Mt.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9746616 Jarosik GP, Land CB, Duhon P, Chandler R Jr, Mercer T: Acquisition of iron by Gardnerella vaginalis. Infect Immun. 1998 Oct;66(10):5041-7.

In a plate bioassay, all six strains acquired iron from ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, bovine and equine hemin, bovine catalase, and equine, bovine, rabbit, and human hemoglobin.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8611642 Rojanasakul Y, Shi X, Deshpande D, Liang WW, Wang LY: Protection against oxidative injury and permeability alteration in cultured alveolar epithelium by transferrin-catalase conjugate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jan 17;1315(1):21-8.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
845116 Gregory EM, Kowalski JB, Holdeman LV: Production and some properties of catalase and superoxide dismutase from the anaerobe Bacteroides distasonis. J Bacteriol. 1977 Mar;129(3):1298-302.

The effect of hemin on catalase production could not be duplicated by ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium citrate.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
14615726 Friel JK, Aziz K, Andrews WL, Harding SV, Courage ML, Adams RJ: A double-masked, randomized control trial of iron supplementation in early infancy in healthy term breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 2003 Nov;143(5):582-6.

STUDY DESIGN: Term breast-fed infants (n=77) were randomly selected to receive either 7.5 mg per day of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or placebo from 1 to 6 months of age.
Complete blood count and ferritin, red cell superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power, and zinc and copper levels were analyzed at 1, 3.5, 6, and 12 months of age.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9051661 O'Regan MH, Song D, VanderHeide SJ, Phillis JW: Free radicals and the ischemia-evoked extracellular accumulation of amino acids in rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res. 1997 Mar;22(3):273-80.

Administration of H2O2 plus ferrous sulfate significantly elevated both pre-ischemic amino acid release and ischemia-evoked release.
A role for free radical generating systems in the development of ischemic injury is supported by the ability of superoxide dismutase plus catalase to reduce ischemia-evoked amino acid efflux into cortical superfusates.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16350751 Hospodar'ov DV, Lushchak VI: [Effect of iron ions on the antioxidant enzyme activities in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Ukr Biokhim Zh. 2004 Nov-Dec;76(6):100-5.


A complex of physiological and biochemical indices has been compared in wild and isogenic catalase-deficient strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on the media with different iron ion concentrations is 2 times higher in cytosolic catalase deficient yeast.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
11978886 Friel JK, Martin SM, Langdon M, Herzberg GR, Buettner GR: Milk from mothers of both premature and full-term infants provides better antioxidant protection than does infant formula. Pediatr Res. 2002 May;51(5):612-8.

Ferrous sulfate plus vitamin C added to human milk and formulas fortified with iron increased oxidative stress.
Experiment 2 determined differences in resistance to oxidative stress between milk from mothers of FT and PT infants, including analysis of catalase activity.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19774625 Yoo JH, Maeng HY, Sun YK, Kim YA, Park DW, Park TS, Lee ST, Choi JR: Oxidative status in iron-deficiency anemia. . J Clin Lab Anal. 2009;23(5):319-23.


Catalase activity was measured by spectrophotometer using a commercially available kit (Bioxytech Catalase-520, OxisResearch, Portland, OR).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
8571401 Rao GS: Glutathionyl hydroquinone: a potent pro-oxidant and a possible toxic metabolite of benzene. Toxicology. 1996 Jan 8;106(1-3):49-54.


The presence of oxyradical scavengers, viz., thiourea, mannitol, albumin, superoxide dismutase, catalase and dimethyl sulfoxide caused significant inhibition of degradation of DNA by GHQ and iron.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9261900 Gonzalez PK, Doctrow SR, Malfroy B, Fink MP: Role of oxidant stress and iron delocalization in acidosis-induced intestinal epithelial hyperpermeability. Shock. 1997 Aug;8(2):108-14.

Lactic acid-induced hyperpermeability to both FS and FD4 was reduced by adding either 30 microM EUK-8, a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic, or catalase (10 (4) U/mL).
Incubation with ferrous sulfate (100 microM) exacerbated both lactic acid-induced hyperpermeability to FS and lactic acid-induced lipid peroxidation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1332614 Sellak H, Franzini E, Hakim J, Pasquier C: Mechanism of lysozyme inactivation and degradation by iron. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 15;299(1):172-8.


Desferal (1 mM) and Detapac (1 mM) added before iron, prevented lysozyme inactivation, while catalase (100 micrograms/ml), superoxide dismutase (100 micrograms/ml) and bovine serum albumin (100 micrograms/ml) gave about 30 to 40% protection by competing with lysozyme for iron binding.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12916070 Thirunavukkarasu V, Anuradha CV, Viswanathan P: Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity. Phytother Res. 2003 Aug;17(7):737-43.


Significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were observed in liver and brain accompanied by depletion in glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3918462 Wei EP, Christman CW, Kontos HA, Povlishock JT: Effects of oxygen radicals on cerebral arterioles. Am J Physiol. 1985 Feb;248(2 Pt 2):H157-62.

Similar effects were seen in small, but not in large, arterioles during topical application of hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide plus ferrous sulfate, a combination that produces free hydroxyl radical.
The functional changes caused by xanthine oxidase plus xanthine were inhibited completely by superoxide dismutase plus catalase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9093540 Alam MS, Ku K, Hashimoto M, Nosaka S, Saitoh Y, Yamauchi M, Masumura S, Nakayama K, Tamura K: Hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of nicaraven in myocardial and coronary endothelial preservation and reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res. 1997 Mar;33(3):686-92.


Group 1, 8- and 12-h storage in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution; group 2, 8- and 12-h storage in HTK solution with superoxide dismutase (2.5 x 10 (5) U/I) and catalase (2 x 10 (5) U/I); group 3, 8- and 12-h storage in HTK solution with nicaraven (10 (-3) M).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16512446 Dvoretskii LI, Zaspa EA, Litvitskii PF, Bolevich SB, Men'shova NI: [Free radical processes in patients with iron deficiency anemia treated with iron medication]. Ter Arkh. 2006;78(1):52-7.


The system of antioxidant defense in ISD treatment was estimated by the activity of key antioxidant enzymes: superoxidedismutase, glutathion peroxidase and catalase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8042771 Hong CY, Lee MF, Lai LJ, Wang CP: Effect of lipid peroxidation on beating frequency of human sperm tail. . Andrologia. 1994 Mar-Apr;26(2):61-5.


This inhibition can be reversed dose-dependently by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and albumin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7494543 Shao Q, Matsubara T, Bhatt SK, Dhalla NS: Inhibition of cardiac sarcolemma Na (+)-K+ ATPase by oxyradical generating systems. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995 Jun 7-21;147(1-2):139-44.


Superoxide dismutase either alone or in combination with catalase and mannitol fully prevented changes in SH group content but the xanthine plus xanthine oxidase-induced depression in Na (+)-K+ ATPase activity as well as increase in MDA content were prevented partially.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
3175020 Terzolo HR: Identification of campylobacters from bovine and ovine faeces. Rev Argent Microbiol. 1988 Apr-Jun;20(2):53-68.


By means of the catalase test, growth and microscopic characteristics, coccal transformation and nalidixic acid (Nal) and cephalothin sensitivity, isolates were separated into 3 groups: C. jejuni - C. coli, C. hyointestinalis - C. fetus and C. fecalis - C. sputorum subsp. bubulus.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
715068 Peterson DA, Gerrard JM, Rao GH, Krick TP, White JG: Ferrous iron mediated oxidation of arachidonic acid: studies employing nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Prostaglandins Med. 1978 Oct;1(4):304-17.


The oxidation of arachidonic acid by ferrous sulfate provides a useful model to study the role of iron in lipid oxidation reactions.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8394084 Rohn TT, Hinds TR, Vincenzi FF: Ion transport ATPases as targets for free radical damage. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Aug 3;46(3):525-34.


Preincubation of red blood cell membranes in the presence of ferrous sulfate and EDTA resulted in both a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump ATPase, basal Ca2+ pump ATPase, and the calmodulin- (CaM) activated Ca2+ pump ATPase.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
6695379 Artman M, Olson RD, Boucek RJ Jr, Boerth RC: Depression of contractility in isolated rabbit myocardium following exposure to iron: role of free radicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Feb;72(2):324-32.


A 90-min exposure to iron (1.8 mM; as ferrous sulfate) reduced the peak-developed tension and the maximal rate of tension development.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
12517328 Vaughan JE, Walsh SW: Oxidative stress reproduces placental abnormalities of preeclampsia. . Hypertens Pregnancy. 2002;21(3):205-23.

METHODS: We tested this possibility in vitro by exposing a trophoblast-like cell line, ED27, to a combination of linoleic acid (LA, 90 microM) and an oxidizing solution composed of hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase and ferrous sulfate (OxLA) for 6 days.
In contrast, catalase activity was increased by OxLA.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9467884 Samanta L, Chainy GB: Comparison of hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative stress in the testis of immature and adult rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1997 Nov;118(3):319-27.


The activity of catalase decreased 6 hr after the pesticide treatment in both the age groups.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6405558 Kirchgessner M, Kim JJ, Grassmann E: [Cu and Fe content and ceruloplasmin and catalase activities in the blood of growing rats receiving different amounts of Fe and Cu] Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1983 Jan;30(1):15-25.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
3007482 Reeves JP, Bailey CA, Hale CC: Redox modification of sodium-calcium exchange activity in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1986 Apr 15;261(11):4948-55.


In agreement with this hypothesis, the increase in exchange activity in the presence of Fe-DTT was inhibited 80% by anaerobiosis and 60% by catalase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8352936 Aitken RJ, Harkiss D, Buckingham DW: Analysis of lipid peroxidation mechanisms in human spermatozoa. . Mol Reprod Dev. 1993 Jul;35(3):302-15.


This conclusion was reinforced by the inability of reagents that would limit the formation (superoxide dismutase and/or catalase) or availability (mannitol, formate) of hydroxyl radicals, to influence malondialdehyde generation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6233906 Fligiel SE, Ward PA, Johnson KJ, Till GO: Evidence for a role of hydroxyl radical in immune-complex-induced vasculitis. Am J Pathol. 1984 Jun;115(3):375-82.


Previously it was shown that tissue injury occurring in acute immune-complex-induced vasculitis, which is complement and neutrophil-dependent, is significantly attenuated by the presence of catalase, suggesting the pathogenic role of H2O2 generated from activated neutrophils.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7653164 Borisiuk MV, Zinchuk VV: Analysis of the relationship between hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and lipid peroxidation during fever. Acta Biochim Pol. 1995;42(1):69-74.


The content of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde and Schiff bases were determined at a pyrogenal dose of 4 minimal pyrogenic doses/kg, and iron-initiated chemiluminescence, catalase activity and alpha-tocopherol concentration were determined at 6 minimal pyrogenic doses/kg.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15963385 Schumann K, Kroll S, Weiss G, Frank J, Biesalski HK, Daniel H, Friel J, Solomons NW: Monitoring of hematological, inflammatory and oxidative reactions to acute oral iron exposure in human volunteers: preliminary screening for selection of potentially-responsive biomarkers. Toxicology. 2005 Aug 15;212(1):10-23. Epub 2005 Apr 18.

METHODS:Three healthy volunteers provided morning, fasting samples of blood and urine on up to 13 study days--3 before, 7 during and 3 following a 7-consecutive-day period of receiving 120 mg of iron per day as ferrous sulfate in commercially available syrup.
Among the oxidative biomarkers, expression of blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), hemoxygenase-1, catalase as well as circulating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total oxidative capacity and carbonyl proteins were stable in response to iron exposure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18607114 Toblli JE, Cao G, Olivieri L, Angerosa M: Comparative study of gastrointestinal tract and liver toxicity of ferrous sulfate, iron amino chelate and iron polymaltose complex in normal rats. Pharmacology. 2008;82(2):127-37. Epub 2008 Jul 8.

METHODS: Hematological variables, liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances, reduced glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, CuZn superoxide dysmutase) in intestinal mucosa and liver homogenates, and morphological parameters (gross anatomy, histology) were evaluated in non-anemic rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10884034 Tamagno E, Aragno M, Parola M, Parola S, Brignardello E, Boccuzzi G, Danni O: NT2 neurons, a classical model for Alzheimer's disease, are highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Neuroreport. 2000 Jun 26;11(9):1865-9.


NT2N cells exhibit low levels of natural antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) and alpha-tocopherol and of antioxidant enzymatic activities such as Se-dependent GSH peroxidase and catalase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8157223 Reddy AC, Lokesh BR: Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol. 1994 Mar;32(3):279-83.


The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were higher (by 19, 19 and 20%, respectively) in liver homogenates of rats fed the turmeric-containing diet in comparison with the controls.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8080446 Wei N, Sadrzadeh SM: Enhancement of hemin-induced membrane damage by artemisinin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Aug 17;48(4):737-41.


Catalase (2000 U/mL) had a minor effect on the artemisinin-hemin or hemin-mediated effect.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9060477 Furukawa K, Estus S, Fu W, Mark RJ, Mattson MP: Neuroprotective action of cycloheximide involves induction of bcl-2 and antioxidant pathways. J Cell Biol. 1997 Mar 10;136(5):1137-49.


In addition, activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, and catalase were significantly increased in cultures exposed to neuroprotective levels of CHX.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3111274 Hiraishi H, Terano A, Ota S, Ivey KJ, Sugimoto T: Oxygen metabolite-induced cytotoxicity to cultured rat gastric mucosal cells. Am J Physiol. 1987 Jul;253(1 Pt 1):G40-8.


Catalase (an enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide) diminished xanthine-xanthine oxidase-induced 51Cr release in a dose-dependent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2540265 Kang JO, Slivka A, Slater G, Cohen G: In vivo formation of hydroxyl radicals following intragastric administration of ferrous salt in rats. J Inorg Biochem. 1989 Jan;35(1):55-69.

We investigated the formation of hydroxyl radicals (.OH) in rats after intragastric instillation of ferrous sulfate. .OH was detected via its reaction with intragastrically administered 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate to generate ethylene gas.
Experiments in vitro with .OH-scavengers (dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol) and with the enzyme, catalase, confirmed both the presence of .OH and its dependence upon generated hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of ferrous salt by molecular oxygen.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9865858 Yang ZW, Zhang A, Altura BT, Altura BM: Endothelium-dependent relaxation to hydrogen peroxide in canine basilar artery: a potential new cerebral dilator mechanism. Brain Res Bull. 1998 Oct;47(3):257-63.


The H2O2-induced relaxations could be abolished completely by 1200 u/ml catalase and was suppressed significantly by 0.5 microM atropine, 150 microM NG-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA), 50 microM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1 microM Fe2+, or 5 microM methylene blue.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7745953 Zager RA, Burkhart KM, Gmur DJ: Postischemic proximal tubular resistance to oxidant stress and Ca2+ ionophore-induced attack. Lab Invest. 1995 May;72(5):592-600.


As an index of endogenous antioxidant defenses, PTS catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were determined.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
218715 Hoffman PS, George HA, Krieg NR, Smibert RM: Studies of the microaerophilic nature of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. Can J Microbiol. 1979 Jan;25(1):8-16.

Catalase also enhanced oxygen tolerance, but to a lesser extent.
All of the diverse compounds which enhance oxygen tolerance of C. fetus, including nor-epinephrine and a combination of ferrous sulfate, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium pyruvate, share the ability to quench either superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15346651 Campo GM, Avenoso A, Campo S, D'Ascola A, Ferlazzo AM, Calatroni A: Reduction of DNA fragmentation and hydroxyl radical production by hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate in iron plus ascorbate-induced oxidative stress in fibroblast cultures. Free Radic Res. 2004 Jun;38(6):601-11.


Moreover, it enhanced lipid peroxidation evaluated by the analysis of conjugated dienes (CD) and decreased antioxidant defenses assayed by means of measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11105916 Baumber J, Ball BA, Gravance CG, Medina V, Davies-Morel MC: The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. J Androl. 2000 Nov-Dec;21(6):895-902.

In order to promote lipid peroxidation, samples were incubated with ferrous sulfate (0.64 mM) and sodium ascorbate (20 mM) for 2 hours after the X-XO incubation.
Catalase (150 U/mL), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 150 U/mL), or glutathione (GSH, 1.5 mM) were evaluated for their ability to preserve sperm function in the presence of the induced oxidative stress.
1(0,0,0,1) Details