Protein Information

Name transferrin receptor
Synonyms CD71; p90; TR; CD71 antigen; T9; TFR; TFR 1; TFR1…

Compound Information

Name ferrous sulfate
CAS sulfuric acid iron(2+) salt (1:1)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19643212 Messer JG, Kilbarger AK, Erikson KM, Kipp DE: Iron overload alters iron-regulatory genes and proteins, down-regulates osteoblastic phenotype, and is associated with apoptosis in fetal rat calvaria cultures. Bone. 2009 Nov;45(5):972-9. Epub 2009 Jul 28.

Cells were incubated with media supplemented with 0-10 microM ferrous sulfate (FeSO (4)) during differentiation (days 6-20).
Intracellular iron status was assessed by measuring iron content in cell layers and changes in transferrin receptor (TrfR) and ferritin gene and protein expression.
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11807627 Choi JW, Pai SH, Kim SK, Ito M, Park CS, Cha YN: Iron deficiency anemia increases nitric oxide production in healthy adolescents. Ann Hematol. 2002 Jan;81(1):1-6. Epub 2001 Dec 13.


To investigate the influence of iron deficiency and iron supplementation on nitric oxide (NO) production, we measured serum iron markers, serum nitrate and nitrite (NOx) concentrations, reticulocyte maturity index (RMI), and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels in 369 females aged 14-19 years.
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10710409 Hinton PS, Giordano C, Brownlie T, Haas JD: Iron supplementation improves endurance after training in iron-depleted, nonanemic women. J Appl Physiol. 2000 Mar;88(3):1103-11.

Forty-two iron-depleted (serum ferritin <16 microg/l), nonanemic (Hb > 12 g/dl) women (18-33 yr old) received 100 mg of ferrous sulfate (S) or placebo (P) per day for 6 wk in a randomized, double-blind trial.
Iron supplementation increased serum ferritin and decreased transferrin receptors in the S compared with the P group.
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18979587 Shamah-Levy T, Villalpando S, Rivera-Dommarco JA, Mundo-Rosas V, Cuevas-Nasu L, Jimenez-Aguilar A: Ferrous gluconate and ferrous sulfate added to a complementary food distributed by the Mexican nutrition program Oportunidades have a comparable efficacy to reduce iron deficiency in toddlers. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Nov;47(5):660-6.

In final blood samples, the concentrations of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR) were determined.
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19073791 Ziegler EE, Nelson SE, Jeter JM: Iron supplementation of breastfed infants from an early age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;89(2):525-32. Epub 2008 Dec 10.

Blood concentrations of ferritin, transferrin receptor, hemoglobin, and red cell indexes were determined at bimonthly intervals.
Iron (7 mg/d as multivitamin preparation with ferrous sulfate) or placebo (multivitamin preparation without iron) was given from 1 to 5.5 mo of age.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7119114 Huebers H, Uvelli D, Celada A, Josephson B, Finch C: Basis of plasma iron exchange in the rabbit. J Clin Invest. 1982 Oct;70(4):769-79.


A formula is proposed for correcting the plasma iron turnover, thereby eliminating the effect of plasma iron concentration, so as to reflect directly the number of tissue transferrin receptors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12097667 Chung CS, Nagey DA, Veillon C, Patterson KY, Jackson RT, Moser-Veillon PB: A single 60-mg iron dose decreases zinc absorption in lactating women. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1903-5.


This study determined whether a single 60-mg dose of ferrous sulfate interferes with fractional zinc absorption (FZA) at 7-9 wk of lactation.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8806853 Kulp KS, Vulliet PR: Mimosine blocks cell cycle progression by chelating iron in asynchronous human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Aug;139(2):356-64.

These effects were antagonized by the addition of iron as ferrous sulfate (250 microM), which is bound to transferrin and imported into the cell via transferrin receptor endocytosis, or as hemin (100 microM), which passes through the cell membrane and releases iron into the cytosol.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
16332661 Zimmermann MB, Winichagoon P, Gowachirapant S, Hess SY, Harrington M, Chavasit V, Lynch SR, Hurrell RF: Comparison of the efficacy of wheat-based snacks fortified with ferrous sulfate, electrolytic iron, or hydrogen-reduced elemental iron: randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Thai women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec;82(6):1276-82.

RESULTS: Between baseline and 35 wk, geometric mean serum ferritin (SF) increased significantly in all 3 groups receiving iron (P < 0.01), and geometric mean serum transferrin receptor (TfR) decreased significantly in the groups receiving ferrous sulfate and electrolytic iron (P < 0.05).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18775429 Sarker SA, Mahmud H, Davidsson L, Alam NH, Ahmed T, Alam N, Salam MA, Beglinger C, Gyr N, Fuchs GJ: Causal relationship of Helicobacter pylori with iron-deficiency anemia or failure of iron supplementation in children. Gastroenterology. 2008 Nov;135(5):1534-42. Epub 2008 Aug 5.

METHODS: We randomized 200 Hp-infected children (positive urea breath test) 2-5 years of age with IDA (hemoglobin level <110 g/L; serum ferritin level <12 microg/L; and soluble transferrin receptor > 8.3 mg/L) or ID (serum ferritin level <12 microg/L or soluble transferrin receptor level > 8.3 mg/L) to 1 of 4 regimens: 2-week anti-Hp therapy (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole) plus 90-day oral ferrous sulfate (anti-Hp plus iron), 2-week anti-Hp therapy alone, 90-day oral iron alone, or placebo.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
16251178 Handan U, Sukru C, Gulhis D, Hafize G, Atilla EH, Nejat A: Serum soluble transferrin receptor is a valuable diagnostic tool in iron deficiency of breath-holding spells. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2005 Dec;22(8):711-6.

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6280171 Trowbridge IS, Lopez F: Monoclonal antibody to transferrin receptor blocks transferrin binding and inhibits human tumor cell growth in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1175-9.

The addition of iron to antibody-treated cultures in the form of ferric complexes or ferrous sulfate did not overcome the growth inhibitory effects of the anti-transferrin-receptor antibodies.
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19474138 McClung JP, Karl JP, Cable SJ, Williams KW, Nindl BC, Young AJ, Lieberman HR: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of iron supplementation in female soldiers during military training: effects on iron status, physical performance, and mood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jul;90(1):124-31. Epub 2009 May 27.

DESIGN: In this 8-wk randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, soldier volunteers (n = 219) were provided with capsules containing either 100 mg ferrous sulfate or a placebo.
RESULTS: The BCT course affected iron status: red blood cell distribution width and soluble transferrin receptor were elevated (P < 0.05), and serum ferritin was lowered (P < 0.05) post-BCT.
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15377970 Pitsis GC, Fallon KE, Fallon SK, Fazakerley R: Response of soluble transferrin receptor and iron-related parameters to iron supplementation in elite, iron-depleted, nonanemic female athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2004 Sep;14(5):300-4.

INTERVENTION: Ingestion of 1 iron tablet (325 mg dried ferrous sulfate, equivalent to 105 mg elemental iron) plus one 500-mg tablet of vitamin C each morning for 60 days.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9763580 Suominen P, Punnonen K, Rajamaki A, Irjala K: Serum transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor-ferritin index identify healthy subjects with subclinical iron deficits. Blood. 1998 Oct 15;92(8):2934-9.

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2207011 Cook JD, Dassenko S, Skikne BS: Serum transferrin receptor as an index of iron absorption. Br J Haematol. 1990 Aug;75(4):603-9.

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8611642 Rojanasakul Y, Shi X, Deshpande D, Liang WW, Wang LY: Protection against oxidative injury and permeability alteration in cultured alveolar epithelium by transferrin-catalase conjugate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jan 17;1315(1):21-8.


This enhanced protection was found to correlate well with an increase in cellular uptake of the enzyme conjugate via the transferrin receptor endocytosis pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16835600 Hinton PS, Sinclair LM: Iron supplementation maintains ventilatory threshold and improves energetic efficiency in iron-deficient nonanemic athletes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;61(1):30-9. Epub 2006 Jul 12.

SUBJECTS: Twenty iron-deficient (serum ferritin, sFer <16 microg/l; serum transferrin receptor, sTfR> 8.0 mg/l; or sTfR/log sFer index > 4.5), nonanemic (hemoglobin, Hb> 120 g/l, women; > 130 g/l, men) men and women (18-41 years) were recruited via fliers and newspaper advertisements; 20 of 31 eligible subjects participated.
INTERVENTIONS: A 30 mg measure of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or placebo daily for 6 weeks.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12097660 Donangelo CM, Woodhouse LR, King SM, Viteri FE, King JC: Supplemental zinc lowers measures of iron status in young women with low iron reserves. J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):1860-4.

In the zinc-supplemented group, plasma ferritin and the percentage of transferrin saturation decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the plasma transferrin receptor and erythrocyte zinc protoprophyrin levels increased (P < 0.05).
The effect of zinc supplementation (22 mg Zn/d as zinc gluconate) or of iron supplementation (100 mg Fe/d as ferrous sulfate) for 6 wk on iron and zinc metabolism and absorption was evaluated in young women with low iron reserves.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19653920 Biebinger R, Zimmermann MB, Al-Hooti SN, Al-Hamed N, Al-Salem E, Zafar T, Kabir Y, Al-Obaid I, Petry N, Hurrell RF: Efficacy of wheat-based biscuits fortified with microcapsules containing ferrous sulfate and potassium iodate or a new hydrogen-reduced elemental iron: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial in Kuwaiti women. Br J Nutr. 2009 Nov;102(9):1362-9. Epub 2009 Aug 5.

At baseline and 22 weeks, Hb, SF, transferrin receptor, urinary iodine and body Fe stores were measured.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11916761 Brownlie T 4th, Utermohlen V, Hinton PS, Giordano C, Haas JD: Marginal iron deficiency without anemia impairs aerobic adaptation among previously untrained women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;75(4):734-42.


RESULTS: Six weeks of iron supplementation significantly improved serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentrations and transferrin saturation without affecting hemoglobin concentrations or hematocrit.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10444519 Smirnov IM, Bailey K, Flowers CH, Garrigues NW, Wesselius LJ: Effects of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta on iron metabolism by A549 cells and influence on cytotoxicity. Am J Physiol. 1999 Aug;277(2 Pt 1):L257-63.


Treatment of A549 cells with TNF-alpha (20 ng) or IL-1beta (20 ng) decreased cell transferrin-receptor expression and induced synthesis of H-type ferritin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16140386 Erikson KM, Aschner M: Increased manganese uptake by primary astrocyte cultures with altered iron status is mediated primarily by divalent metal transporter. Neurotoxicology. 2006 Jan;27(1):125-30. Epub 2005 Sep 2.

Furthermore, our study examined the effect of Fe status on astrocytic transferrin receptor (TfR) and divalent metal transporter (DMT-1) levels and their relationship to Mn uptake, as both have been implicated as putative Mn transporters.
Astrocytes were incubated for 24h in astrocyte growth medium (AGM) containing 200 microM desferroxamine (ID), 500 microM ferrous sulfate (+Fe), or no compound (CN).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19342511 Khomenko T, Szabo S, Deng X, Ishikawa H, Anderson GJ, McLaren GD: Role of iron in the pathogenesis of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulceration in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Jun;296(6):G1277-86. Epub 2009 Apr 2.


Transferrin receptor 1 protein expression was also increased, although mucosal ferroportin and ferritin remained almost unchanged.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9328369 Ahluwalia N, Skikne BS, Savin V, Chonko A: Markers of masked iron deficiency and effectiveness of EPO therapy in chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997 Oct;30(4):532-41.


A number of standard hematologic measurements in addition to automated reticulocyte counts (Sysmex R-1000) and serum transferrin receptors (TfR) were obtained in these patients.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8025391 Lonnerdal B, Hernell O: Iron, zinc, copper and selenium status of breast-fed infants and infants fed trace element fortified milk-based infant formula. Acta Paediatr. 1994 Apr;83(4):367-73.

One formula with 4 mg of iron/l contained iron as ferrous sulfate, in another, part of the iron was provided as bovine lactoferrin.
Serum transferrin receptor levels, a potential novel indicator of iron status, were highest in breast-fed infants, suggesting a cellular need for iron, and lowest in infants receiving formula with 7 mg of iron/l.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12746164 Tavil B, Sipahi T, Gokce H, Akar N: Effect of twice weekly versus daily iron treatment in Turkish children with iron deficiency anemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2003 Jun;20(4):319-26.


With respect to certain parameters, such as red cell distribution, serum iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, transferrin receptor, and transferrin receptor/log ferritin, however, intermittent treatment was superior to the conventional treatment method (p <.05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12540404 Zimmermann MB, Zeder C, Chaouki N, Saad A, Torresani T, Hurrell RF: Dual fortification of salt with iodine and microencapsulated iron: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Moroccan schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;77(2):425-32.

At 40 wk, mean hemoglobin concentrations in the DFS group had increased by 14 g/L (P < 0.01), and serum ferritin, transferrin receptor, and zinc protoporphyrin concentrations were significantly better (P < 0.05) in the DFS group than in the iodized salt group.
We then formulated a DFS containing 25 micro g iodine/g salt (as potassium iodide) and 1 mg iron/g salt (as ferrous sulfate hydrate encapsulated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil).
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