Protein Information

Name xanthine oxidase
Synonyms XDH; XDHA; XO; XOD; XOR; Xanthene dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase…

Compound Information

Name amitrole
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9054188 Cejkova J, Lojda Z: Histochemical study on xanthine oxidase activity in the normal rabbit cornea and lens and after repeated irradiation of the eye with UVB rays. Acta Histochem. 1996 Jan;98(1):47-52.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
9140708 Maenishi O, Ito H, Suzuki T: Acceleration of hypertensive cerebral injury by the inhibition of xanthine-xanthine oxidase system in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1997 May;19(4):461-77.

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1567224 Royall JA, Gwin PD, Parks DA, Freeman BA: Responses of vascular endothelial oxidant metabolism to lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 May 1;294(2):686-94.


We measured basal rates of oxidant production and the activity of xanthine oxidase, proposed to be a key source of O2- and H2O2, in endothelial cells.
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8021293 Hiraishi H, Terano A, Razandi M, Pedram A, Sugimoto T, Harada T, Ivey KJ: Reactive oxygen metabolite-induced toxicity to cultured bovine endothelial cells: status of cellular iron in mediating injury. J Cell Physiol. 1994 Jul;160(1):132-4.


Chromium-51-labeled cells were exposed to reaction mixtures of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine and glucose oxidase/glucose; these produce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, or hydrogen peroxide, respectively.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
2540741 Jaeschke H, Mitchell JR: Mitochondria and xanthine oxidase both generate reactive oxygen species in isolated perfused rat liver after hypoxic injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Apr 14;160(1):140-7.

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3127425 Brown JM, Terada LS, Grosso MA, Whitmann GJ, Velasco SE, Patt A, Harken AH, Repine JE: Xanthine oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide which contributes to reperfusion injury of ischemic, isolated, perfused rat hearts. J Clin Invest. 1988 Apr;81(4):1297-301.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
8433009 Karg E, Odh G, Wittbjer A, Rosengren E, Rorsman H: Hydrogen peroxide as an inducer of elevated tyrosinase level in melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Feb;100(2 Suppl):209S-213S.


Exposure of cells to xanthine/xanthine oxidase or glucose/glucose oxidase resulted in a dose-related elevation of tyrosinase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2110780 McCutchan HJ, Schwappach JR, Enquist EG, Walden DL, Terada LS, Reiss OK, Leff JA, Repine JE: Xanthine oxidase-derived H2O2 contributes to reperfusion injury of ischemic skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol. 1990 May;258(5 Pt 2):H1415-9.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
1992789 Babbs CF, Salaris SC, Turek JJ: Cytochemical studies of hydrogen peroxide generation in postischemic hepatocytes. Am J Physiol. 1991 Jan;260(1 Pt 2):H123-9.


Mean densities of positive peroxisomes per 1,000 micron2 (+/- SE) in liver slices subjected to various treatments were as follows: continuous anoxia (negative control) 0 +/- 0; normoxia + exogenous H2O2 (positive control) 45 +/- 12; normoxia only 26 +/- 2; ischemia-reoxygenation 13 +/- 6; ischemia-reoxygenation + xanthine oxidase inhibitor, oxypurinol 5 +/- 3; ischemia-reoxygenation + peroxidase inhibitor, aminotriazole 7 +/- 3.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7740538 Hart BA, Prabhu RM, Eneman JD, Durieux-Lu CC, Janssen AM, Borm PJ: Oxidant resistance of cadmium-adapted human lung fibroblasts. . Toxicology. 1995 Apr 12;98(1-3):1-13.


Using the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system as a generating system for active oxygen species, we found that the magnitude of cell injury for Cd-adapted and non-adapted fibroblasts was dependent upon oxidant concentration and duration of oxidant exposure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2077003 Engstrom PC, Easterling L, Baker RR, Matalon S: Mechanisms of extracellular hydrogen peroxide clearance by alveolar type II pneumocytes. J Appl Physiol. 1990 Dec;69(6):2078-84.


They were then coincubated with either 500 microM xanthine and 10 mU/ml xanthine oxidase (XO; pH 7.4; 25 degrees C) or 300 microM H2O2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3148110 Brown JM, Terada LS, Grosso MA, Whitman GJ, Velasco SE, Patt A, Harken AH, Repine JE: Hydrogen peroxide mediates reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart. . Mol Cell Biochem. 1988 Dec;84(2):173-5.


Depletion of xanthine oxidase by two methods (tungsten or allopurinol inhibition) also improved recovery of function and H2O2 production.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11730782 Kotze AC, McClure SJ: Haemonchus contortus utilises catalase in defence against exogenous hydrogen peroxide in vitro. Int J Parasitol. 2001 Dec;31(14):1563-71.


Both glucose/glucose oxidase (generation of hydrogen peroxide) and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (generation of superoxide anion) systems showed concentration-dependent toxicity to the nematodes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14564738 Shchepetkin IA, Akhmedzhanov RR, Kagiia VT: [Effect of azole derivatives on lucigenin-dependent microsome chemiluminescence]. Biomed Khim. 2003 May-Jun;49(3):278-83.


Sanazole strongly inhibited the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence in the enzyme system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17597214 Domico LM, Cooper KR, Bernard LP, Zeevalk GD: Reactive oxygen species generation by the ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide mancozeb and its contribution to neuronal toxicity in mesencephalic cells. Neurotoxicology. 2007 Nov;28(6):1079-91. Epub 2007 May 22.


In growth medium lacking cells, MZ produced little H (2) O (2), but enhanced H (2) O (2) generation when added with xanthine plus xanthine oxidase whereas, in cultured cells, allopurinol partially attenuated H (2) O (2) production by MZ.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8005512 Kinnula VL, Aalto K, Raivio KO, Walles S, Linnainmaa K: Cytotoxicity of oxidants and asbestos fibers in cultured human mesothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 1994 Feb;16(2):169-76.


Immortalized human pleural mesothelial cells (MET 5A) were exposed in vitro to one of the following: hypoxanthine (100-200 microM) plus xanthine oxidase (10-20 mU/ml) as a superoxide-generating system, H2O2 (50 microM-5 mM); or amosite (1-100 micrograms/cm2).
1(0,0,0,1) Details