Protein Information

Name cytochrome c
Synonyms CYC; CYCS; Cytochrome C; HCS; Cytochrome Cs

Compound Information

Name diquat
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1665913 Zhao ZG, Tollin G: Chlorophyll photosensitized electron transfer reactions in lipid vesicles: enhancement in yield of vectorial electron transfer across the bilayer from reduced cytochrome c to oxidized ferredoxin by addition of valinomycin plus potassium ion. Photochem Photobiol. 1991 Nov;54(5):827-31.

Chlorophyll photosensitized electron transfer across a vesicle bilayer from reduced cytochrome c in the inner compartment to oxidized ferredoxin in the outer compartment, using propylene diquat as a mediator, has been investigated using both steady-state and laser flash photolysis methods.
84(1,1,1,4) Details
1742283 Kay CJ, Solomonson LP, Barber MJ: Electrochemical and kinetic analysis of electron-transfer reactions of Chlorella nitrate reductase. Biochemistry. 1991 Dec 3;30(48):11445-50.

Reduction of ferrocenecarboxylic acid, dichlorophenolindophenol, and cytochrome c by NADH-reduced NR was coupled to reoxidation at a glassy carbon electrode (ferrocene and dichlorophenolindophenol) or at a bis (4-pyridyl) disulfide modified gold electrode (cytochrome c), yielding rate constants of 10.5 x 10 (6), 1.7 x 10 (6), and 2.7 x 10 (6) M-1 s-1, respectively, at pH 7.
In contrast, reduction of methyl viologen and diquat at a glassy carbon electrode, coupled to oxidation by NR and nitrate, yielded similar kinetics for the two dyes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1654289 Wolfgang GH, Jolly RA, Petry TW: Diquat-induced oxidative damage in hepatic microsomes: effects of antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;10(6):403-11.

Diquat (1 mM) also increased protein carbonyl formation, NADPH oxidation and superoxide anion radical production (acetylated cytochrome c reduction).
82(1,1,1,2) Details
8104118 Rikans LE, Cai Y, Kosanke SD, Venkataraman PS: Redox cycling and hepatotoxicity of diquat in aging male Fischer 344 rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 1993 Jul-Aug;21(4):605-10.

Diquat-stimulated production of superoxide anion radical and NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase activity were measured in liver microsomes prepared from male Fischer 344 rats at ages representing young adulthood (5-6 months), middle age (15-16 months), and old age (24-27 months).
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19447173 Liang H, Ran Q, Jang YC, Holstein D, Lechleiter J, McDonald-Marsh T, Musatov A, Song W, Van Remmen H, Richardson A: Glutathione peroxidase 4 differentially regulates the release of apoptogenic proteins from mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med. 2009 Aug 1;47(3):312-20. Epub 2009 May 15.

Diquat exposure triggered apoptosis that occurred through an intrinsic pathway and resulted in the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Smac/DIABLO, and Omi/HtrA2 in the liver of wild-type (Wt) mice.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
1648014 Bhuyan DK, Bhuyan KC: Oxy radicals in the eye tissues of rabbits after diquat in vivo. Free Radic Res Commun. 1991;12-13 Pt 2:621-7.

We found that indirect spectrophotometric techniques based on superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction for estimation of O2-., salicylate hydroxylation for OH. and peroxidase catalysed reoxidation of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol for H2O2, were suitable, sensitive and reproducible for measurements of the reactive species of O2 produced in the eye tissues by oxy radical enhancer, diquat in the rabbit eye in vivo.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
15496407 Ran Q, Liang H, Gu M, Qi W, Walter CA, Roberts LJ 2nd, Herman B, Richardson A, Van Remmen H: Transgenic mice overexpressing glutathione peroxidase 4 are protected against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 31;279(53):55137-46. Epub 2004 Oct 20.

In addition, diquat-induced apoptosis was decreased in Tg (GPX4) mice, as evidenced by attenuated caspase-3 activation and reduced cytochrome c release from mitochondria.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
11562367 Fu Y, Sies H, Lei XG: Opposite roles of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 in superoxide generator diquat- and peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis and signaling. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):43004-9. Epub 2001 Sep 18.

These two groups of cells shared similar cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and p21 (WAF1/CIP1) cleavage.
1(0,0,0,1) Details