Protein Information

Name tyrosine hydroxylase
Synonyms Putative tyrosine hydroxylase variant; TH; TH protein; TYH; Truncated tyrosine hydroxylase; Tyrosine 3 hydroxylase; Tyrosine 3 monooxygenase; Tyrosine hydroxylase…

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1980787 Di Porzio U, Zuddas A, Cosenza-Murphy DB, Barker JL: Early appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in the mesencephalon of mouse embryos. Int J Dev Neurosci. 1990;8(5):523-32.

The development of mesencephalic catecholaminergic neurons in the embryonic and fetal mouse was analysed in tissues fixed with 5% acrolein using polyclonal rabbit antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the first enzyme in catecholamine synthesis.
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7918837 Iturriza FC, Thibault J: Acrolein fixation for immunostaining tyrosine-hydroxylase in paraffin sections. Biotech Histochem. 1994 Jul;69(4):216-8.
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1686786 Bayer VE, Towle AC, Pickel VM: Vesicular and cytoplasmic localization of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in neurons postsynaptic to terminals containing NTLI and/or tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat central nucleus of the amygdala. J Neurosci Res. 1991 Oct;30(2):398-413.

Sections of acrolein-fixed rat brain were processed either (1) for the ultrastructural localization of a rat antiserum against neurotensin using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, or (2) for the dual localization of rat neurotensin antiserum and rabbit antiserum against the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), using the PAP method and immunoautoradiography.
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1348271 Sesack SR, Pickel VM: Dual ultrastructural localization of enkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the rat ventral tegmental area: multiple substrates for opiate-dopamine interactions. J Neurosci. 1992 Apr;12(4):1335-50.

Using a dual-labeling, immunoperoxidase and immunogold-silver method, we localized antisera directed against leu5-enkephalin (ENK) and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in acrolein-fixed sections through the VTA.
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2451997 Pickel VM, Joh TH, Chan J: Substance P in the rat nucleus accumbens: ultrastructural localization in axon terminals and their relation to dopaminergic afferents. Brain Res. 1988 Mar 22;444(2):247-64.

Coronal vibratome sections from acrolein-fixed brains were sequentially processed for the localization of: (1) a rat monoclonal antiserum against SP identified by the peroxidase--anti-peroxidase immunocytochemical method, and (2) a rabbit polyclonal antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) identified by immunoautoradiography.
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8100618 Iturriza FC, Thibault J: Immunohistochemical investigation of tyrosine-hydroxylase in the islets of Langerhans of adult mice, rats and guinea pigs. Neuroendocrinology. 1993 Mar;57(3):476-80.

The antiserum was applied to paraffin sections of pancreases fixed either in acrolein or Bouin's fluid.
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1685938 Bayer VE, Pickel VM: GABA-labeled terminals form proportionally more synapses with dopaminergic neurons containing low densities of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity in rat ventral tegmental area. Brain Res. 1991 Sep 13;559(1):44-55.

Rabbit antiserum to TH and rat antiserum to GABA were visualized in single coronal sections of acrolein-fixed rat brain using a combination of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and immunoautoradiography (ARG) or PAP and silver-intensified immunogold (SIG).
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1970505 Smith MW 3rd, Cooper TR, Joh TH, Smith DE: Cell loss and class distribution of TH-I cells in the substantia nigra of the neurological mutant, weaver. Brain Res. 1990 Mar 5;510(2):242-50.

Eight-week-old homozygous weaver mutant mice and littermate wildtype controls were perfused with a buffered acrolein and paraformaldehyde solution.
Representative sections through the midbrain were incubated overnight with an antibody for tyrosine hydroxylase.
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2875140 Milner TA, Joh TH, Pickel VM: Tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat parabrachial region: ultrastructural localization and extrinsic sources of immunoreactivity. J Neurosci. 1986 Sep;6(9):2585-603.

In the first portion of the study, a rabbit antiserum to TH was immunocytochemically localized in coronal sections through the lateral PBR from acrolein-fixed brains using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
1354605 Horvath TL, Naftolin F, Leranth C: Beta-endorphin innervation of dopamine neurons in the rat hypothalamus: a light and electron microscopic double immunostaining study. Endocrinology. 1992 Sep;131(3):1547-55.

Light and electron microscopic double immunostaining experiments were performed on vibratome sections prepared from the hypothalamus of acrolein-fixed female rat brains.
Immunoreactivity for beta-endorphin was visualized by a dark blue to black nickel ammonium sulfate-intensified diaminobenzidine reaction, and in a consecutive immunostaining procedure, the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive dopamine cells were labeled with the brown diaminobenzidine reaction product.
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9438064 Marcos P, Corio M, Dubourg P, Covenas R, Tramu G: Double immunocytochemistry in pre-embedding electron microscopy for the detection of neurotensin and tyrosine hydroxylase in the guinea pig, using two primary antisera raised in the same species. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 1997 Dec 1;2(1):1-8.

Optimal ultrastructural results were obtained without adding to the fixative either glutaraldehyde or acrolein (normally used for electron microscopy techniques).
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10051229 Xu SG, Prasad C, Smith DE: Neurons exhibiting dopamine D2 receptor immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra of the mutant weaver mouse. Neuroscience. 1999 Mar;89(1):191-207.

Double labeling with D2 and tyrosine hydroxylase indicated that the majority of the labeled profiles were double labeled.
Eight-week-old homozygous weavers were paired with wild-type littermates as controls and perfused with a buffered solution of acrolein/paraformadehyde.
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1977960 Chan J, Aoki C, Pickel VM: Optimization of differential immunogold-silver and peroxidase labeling with maintenance of ultrastructure in brain sections before plastic embedding. J Neurosci Methods. 1990 Aug;33(2-3):113-27.

We examined the applicability of using silver intensification of 1 nm colloidal gold particles non-covalently bound to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (1) for single labeling of a rabbit antiserum against the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and (2) for immunogold localization of rabbit anti-TH simultaneously with immunoperoxidase labeling of a mouse monoclonal antibody against the opiate peptide, leucine-enkephalin (LE).
Vibratome sections were collected from acrolein fixed brains of adult rats.
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2422251 Pickel VM, Chan J, Milner TA: Autoradiographic detection of [125I]-secondary antiserum: a sensitive light and electron microscopic labeling method compatible with peroxidase immunocytochemistry for dual localization of neuronal antigens. J Histochem Cytochem. 1986 Jun;34(6):707-18.

We examined whether autoradiographic localization of [125I]-antirabbit immunoglobulin (IgG) was suitable for light and electron microscopic detection of a rabbit antiserum to the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and whether autoradiographic and peroxidase labeling could be combined for simultaneous immunocytochemical identification of TH and neuropeptides in brain.
Adult rat brains were fixed by aortic arch perfusion with acrolein and paraformaldehyde.
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1349353 Pickel VM, Chan J, Sesack SR: Cellular basis for interactions between catecholaminergic afferents and neurons containing Leu-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in rat caudate-putamen nuclei. J Neurosci Res. 1992 Feb;31(2):212-30.

We examined the dual immunocytochemical localization of antisera raised against Leu5-enkephalin and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), to determine the cellular substrates for these and/or other functional interactions.
These animals were given intraventricular injections of colchicine, and the brains were fixed by acrolein perfusion prior to immunocytochemical labeling.
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8653421 Aicher SA, Kurucz OS, Reis DJ, Milner TA: Nucleus tractus solitarius efferent terminals synapse on neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Brain Res. 1995 Sep 25;693(1-2):51-63.

Double labelling for WAHG and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry indicated that CVL neurons that project to the RVL (CVL --> RVL neurons) are distinct from the noradrenergic neurons of the A1 cell group.
After 4-6 h, anesthetized rats were perfused transcardially with 3.75% acrolein in 2% paraformaldehyde and sections through the CVL were processed for both markers.
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