Protein Information

Name H:quinone oxidoreductase
Synonyms Diaphorase; DHQU; DIA 4; DIA4; DT diaphorase; DTD; Diaphorase (NADH/NADPH); Diaphorase (NADH/NADPH) (cytochrome b 5 reductase)…

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12084617 Tirumalai R, Rajesh Kumar T, Mai KH, Biswal S: Acrolein causes transcriptional induction of phase II genes by activation of Nrf2 in human lung type II epithelial (A549) cells. Toxicol Lett. 2002 Jun 7;132(1):27-36.

Acrolein treatment activates transcription of phase II genes in general, as indicated by an increase in mRNA for NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1).
112(1,2,2,2) Details
20015449 Burcham PC, Raso A, Thompson CA: Toxicity of smoke extracts towards A549 lung cells: role of acrolein and suppression by carbonyl scavengers. Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Feb 12;183(3):416-24. Epub 2009 Dec 16.

Western blotting revealed that polyethylene combustion products also upregulated several acrolein-responsive protein markers, including GADD45beta, NQO1, HMOX, Hsp70, Nur77 and Egr1.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19651797 Zhang H, Forman HJ: Signaling pathways involved in phase II gene induction by alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes. Toxicol Ind Health. 2009 May-Jun;25(4-5):269-78.

Two electrophiles, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and acrolein, induced the expression of phase II genes (GCLC, GCLM, NQO1, NQO2, HO-1, and GSTM-1).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
18028974 Higgins LG, Cavin C, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD: Induction of cancer chemopreventive enzymes by coffee is mediated by transcription factor Nrf2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 1;226(3):328-37. Epub 2007 Sep 26.

Evidence that the coffee-specific diterpenes cafestol and kahweol confer protection against acrolein..
Mice fed diets containing 3% or 6% coffee for 5 days had increased levels of mRNA for NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase class Alpha 1 (GSTA1) of between 4- and 20-fold in the liver and small intestine.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
18607771 Zhu H, Jia Z, Strobl JS, Ehrich M, Misra HP, Li Y: Potent induction of total cellular and mitochondrial antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes by cruciferous sulforaphane in rat aortic smooth muscle cells: cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2008 Fall;8(3):115-25. Epub 2008 Jul 8.

Here we report that incubation of rat aortic smooth muscle A10 cells with sulforaphane (0.25-5 microM) resulted in concentration-dependent induction of a spectrum of important cellular antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, the reduced form of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1).
Pretreatment with sulforaphane (0.5, 1, and 5 microM) protected aortic smooth muscle cells from oxidative and electrophilic cytotoxicity induced by xanthine oxidase (XO)/xanthine, H2O2, SIN-1-derived peroxynitrite, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and acrolein.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18367636 Zhu H, Jia Z, Zhang L, Yamamoto M, Misra HP, Trush MA, Li Y: Antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes in macrophages: regulation by Nrf2 signaling and protection against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Exp Biol Med. 2008 Apr;233(4):463-74.

As compared with wild-type cells, Nrf2 (- /-) macrophages were much more susceptible to cell injury induced by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, as well as two known macrophage toxins, acrolein and cadmium.
Incubation of wild-type macrophages with 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) led to significant induction of various antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes, including catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19633057 Kelleher MO, McMahon M, Eggleston IM, Dixon MJ, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M, Hayes JD: 1-Cyano-2,3-epithiopropane is a novel plant-derived chemopreventive agent which induces cytoprotective genes that afford resistance against the genotoxic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde acrolein. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Oct;30(10):1754-62. Epub 2009 Jul 24.

In rat liver RL-34 epithelial cells, 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane (CETP), 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane (CETB) and 1-cyano-4,5-epithiopentane (CETPent) were shown to induce cytoprotective enzymes including NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione (GSH) S-transferase A3 and the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; CETP was more potent in this regard than were either CETB or CETPent, with 50 microM CETP eliciting a remarkable approximately 10-fold induction of NQO1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17940886 Jia Z, Hallur S, Zhu H, Li Y, Misra HP: Potent upregulation of glutathione and NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 by alpha-lipoic acid in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: protection against neurotoxicant-elicited cytotoxicity. Neurochem Res. 2008 May;33(5):790-800. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

To determine the protective effects of the LA-induced cellular defenses on neurotoxicant-elicitedl cell injury, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with LA for 24 h and then exposed to acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), H (2) O (2) and the peroxynitrite generator, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1).
4(0,0,0,4) Details
19408115 Jia Z, Zhu H, Li Y, Misra HP: Cruciferous nutraceutical 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects human primary astrocytes against neurocytotoxicity elicited by MPTP, MPP (+), 6-OHDA, HNE and acrolein. Neurochem Res. 2009 Nov;34(11):1924-34. Epub 2009 May 1.

In this study, we show that incubation of human primary astrocytes with micromolar concentrations (5-100 microM) of D3T for 24 h resulted in significant increases in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), and the phase 2 enzyme NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19608619 MacLeod AK, McMahon M, Plummer SM, Higgins LG, Penning TM, Igarashi K, Hayes JD: Characterization of the cancer chemopreventive NRF2-dependent gene battery in human keratinocytes: demonstration that the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, and not the BACH1-NRF2 pathway, controls cytoprotection against electrophiles as well as redox-cycling compounds. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Sep;30(9):1571-80. Epub 2009 Jul 16.

Whole-genome microarray revealed that knockdown of KEAP1 resulted in 23 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) being up-regulated > or = 2.0-fold. mRNA for aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B10, AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 were induced to the greatest extent, showing increases of between 12- and 16-fold, whereas mRNA for glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic and modifier subunits, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 and haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) were induced between 2.0- and 4.8-fold.
Activation of NRF2, by KEAP1 knockdown, caused a 75% increase in the amount of glutathione in HaCaT cells and a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in their resistance to the electrophiles acrolein, chlorambucil and cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH), as well as the redox-cycling agent menadione.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12763045 Kwak MK, Kensler TW, Casero RA Jr: Induction of phase 2 enzymes by serum oxidized polyamines through activation of Nrf2: effect of the polyamine metabolite acrolein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jun 6;305(3):662-70.

Spermidine and spermine (50 microM) increased NAD (P) H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity up to 3-fold in murine keratinocyte PE cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20153624 Feng Z, Liu Z, Li X, Jia H, Sun L, Tian C, Jia L, Liu J: alpha-Tocopherol is an effective Phase II enzyme inducer: protective effects on acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Feb 12.

Consequently, the expression and/or activity of the following Phase II enzymes increased: glutamate cysteine ligase, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme-oxygenase 1, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase; total antioxidant capacity and glutathione also increased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19524605 Python F, Goebel C, Aeby P: Comparative DNA microarray analysis of human monocyte derived dendritic cells and MUTZ-3 cells exposed to the moderate skin sensitizer cinnamaldehyde. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009 Sep 15;239(3):273-83. Epub 2009 Jun 12.


Results indicated that PIR, TRIM16 and two Nrf2-regulated genes, CES1 and NQO1, are modulated by most sensitizers.
1(0,0,0,1) Details