Protein Information

Name calmodulin
Synonyms CALM; CAM; CALM 1; CALM 2; CALM 3; CALM1; CALM2; CALM3…

Compound Information

Name sodium fluoride
CAS sodium fluoride (NaF)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20052459 Sun Z, Niu R, Su K, Wang B, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J: Effects of sodium fluoride on hyperactivation and Ca (2+) signaling pathway in sperm from mice: an in vivo study. Arch Toxicol. 2010 Jan 6.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on sperm hyperactivation, Ca (2+)/CALM-CAMK2 signaling, and CatSper1 and CatSper2 mRNA expression in mice sperm.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
8627302 Kagaya A, Uchitomi Y, Kugaya A, Takebayashi M, Nagaoka I, Muraoka M, Yokota N, Yamawaki S: Differential regulation of intracellular signaling systems by sodium fluoride in rat glioma cells. J Neurochem. 1996 Apr;66(4):1483-8.

These results suggest that NaF-induced cGMP generation occurs via a calcium/calmodulin- and NOS-dependent pathway. (b) The basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+] i) was transiently greater at 1 and 3 h after pretreatment with NaF.
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9053741 Lin WW: Potentiation of stimulus-induced phosphoinositide breakdown by calmodulin antagonists in C6 glioma cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;352(6):679-84.

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12723891 Refsnes M, Schwarze PE, Holme JA, Lag M: Fluoride-induced apoptosis in human epithelial lung cells (A549 cells): role of different G protein-linked signal systems. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2003 Mar;22(3):111-23.

KN93 (a CaM kinase II inhibitor) and W7 (a calmodulin inhibitor) seem to reduce the apoptotic effect of NaF, whereas BAPTA-AM (a Ca2+ chelator) was without effect.
Sodium fluoride (NaF) induced apoptosis in the A549 cells, with a maximum at 5-7.5 mM after 20 hours of exposure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8799482 Park HJ, Park KM, Rhee MH, Song YB, Choi KJ, Lee JH, Kim SC, Park KH: Effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on rat liver phosphoproteins induced by carbon tetrachloride. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Jun;19(6):834-8.

When inhibitors of protein kinases were exogenously added to the homogenates from either the CCl4-administered group or the G-Rb1 plus CCl4-administered group, their phosphorylations were inhibited much more by W-7, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM-PK), than by H-7, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (C-kinase).
Interestingly, only 34kDa was phosphorylated in homogenates prepared from the corn oil-, G-Rb1-, and G-Rb1 plus CCl4-administered groups by the exogenous addition of sodium fluoride (NaF), an inhibitor of glycogen synthase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16414982 Bogatcheva NV, Wang P, Birukova AA, Verin AD, Garcia JG: Mechanism of fluoride-induced MAP kinase activation in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2006 Jun;290(6):L1139-45. Epub 2006 Jan 13.


Because we have previously shown that Ca (2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) participates in Erk activation in thrombin-challenged cells, we next explored if CaMKII is involved in NaF-induced EC responses.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11267904 Chen CH, Gu SH, Chow YS: Adenylate cyclase in prothoracic glands during the last larval instar of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Apr 27;31(6-7):659-64.


It was found that cyclase activity of the prothoracic glands from the day 6 last instar showed activation responses to fluoride, a guanine nucleotide analogue, as well as calmodulin (CaM) in dose-dependent fashions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9806741 Verin AD, Gilbert-McClain LI, Patterson CE, Garcia JG: Biochemical regulation of the nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase isoform in bovine endothelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998 Nov;19(5):767-76.


Specific models of vascular permeability are critically dependent on myosin light chain phosphorylation, a reaction catalyzed by a novel high molecular-weight (214 kD) Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) isoform recently cloned in human endothelium (Am.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11704544 Wang P, Verin AD, Birukova A, Gilbert-McClain LI, Jacobs K, Garcia JG: Mechanisms of sodium fluoride-induced endothelial cell barrier dysfunction: role of MLC phosphorylation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):L1472-83.

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10527918 Omura M, Katsumata T, Misawa H, Yamaguchi M: Decrease in protein kinase and phosphatase activities in the liver nuclei of rats exposed to carbon tetrachloride. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Oct 15;160(2):192-7.


The presence of vanadate (10 (-4) M) in the reaction mixture caused a significant decrease in phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity in the liver nuclei from normal and CCl (4)-administered rats, whereas the enzyme activity was not decreased by okadaic acid (10 (-5) M) or sodium fluoride (10 (-3) M).
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