Protein Information

Name Acetylcholinesterase
Synonyms ACHE; ACHE protein; AChE; ARACHE; AcChoEase; Acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase isoform E4 E6 variant…

Compound Information

Name sodium fluoride
CAS sodium fluoride (NaF)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19635623 Flora SJ, Mittal M, Mishra D: Co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride on oxidative stress, glutathione linked enzymes, biogenic amines and DNA damage in mouse brain. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Oct 15;285(1-2):198-205. Epub 2009 Jul 26.

Male mice were exposed to sodium meta arsenite (50 ppm) and sodium fluoride (50 ppm) individually and in combination for ten weeks.
However; acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities showed an increase on fluoride exposure.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11455057 Sargento L, Sobral do Rosario H, Saldanha C, Martins-Silva J: Hemorheological effects of sodium fluorescein in rats. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2001;24(3):175-81.


A blood sample was drawn by aortic puncture after 60 minutes and hemorheological parameters determined: hematocrit, hemoglobin, metahemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, membrane fluidity and acetylcholinesterase activity.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12071426 Ekambaram P, Paul V: Modulation of fluoride toxicity in rats by calcium carbonate and by withdrawal of fluoride exposure. Pharmacol Toxicol. 2002 Feb;90(2):53-8.

In order to assess the effect of calcium on the toxic effects of fluoride, adult female Wistar rats were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF, 500 ppm in drinking water) alone or in combination with calcium carbonate (CaCO3, 50 mg/ kg by oral intubation) daily for 60 days.
Body weight gain, exploratory motor activity, rota-rod motor coordination, dental structure, activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE, brain and skeletal muscle) and Na+ K+ ATPase (erythrocyte membrane and skeletal muscle) and the concentrations of protein (serum and skeletal muscle), calcium (serum) and fluoride (serum) were determined in these animals 24 hr after the last treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15080879 Ceron JJ, Martinez-Subiela S, Hennemann C, Tecles F: The effects of different anticoagulants on routine canine plasma biochemistry. Vet J. 2004 May;167(3):294-301.

The effects of heparin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium citrate and sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate on plasma biochemistry results in dogs were studied and compared with serum.
Differences in albumin, acetylcholinesterase, ionized calcium and potassium were found between serum and heparinized plasma.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17420053 Coplan MJ, Patch SC, Masters RD, Bachman MS: Confirmation of and explanations for elevated blood lead and other disorders in children exposed to water disinfection and fluoridation chemicals. Neurotoxicology. 2007 Sep;28(5):1032-42. Epub 2007 Mar 1.

Unlike the fully ionized state of fluoride (F-) in water treated with sodium fluoride (NaFW), the SiF anion, [SiF6] 2- in SiFW releases F- in a complicated dissociation process.
A German PhD study found that SiFW is a more powerful inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) than NaFW.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20303930 Ashani Y, Gupta RD, Goldsmith M, Silman I, Sussman JL, Tawfik DS, Leader H: Stereo-specific synthesis of analogs of nerve agents and their utilization for selection and characterization of paraoxonase (PON1) catalytic scavengers. Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Mar 19.

The configurational assignments of the S (P) and R (P) isomers, as well as their optical purity, were established by X-ray diffraction, reaction with sodium fluoride, hydrolysis by selected rePON1 variants, and inhibition of AChE.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
9559097 Zhao XL, Wu JH: Actions of sodium fluoride on acetylcholinesterase activities in rats. Biomed Environ Sci. 1998 Mar;11(1):1-6.
15(0,0,2,5) Details
11292576 Ekambaram P, Paul V: Calcium preventing locomotor behavioral and dental toxicities of fluoride by decreasing serum fluoride level in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;9(4):141-146.

Spontaneous motor activity, rota-rod performance (motor co-ordination), body weight gain, food intake, activities of total cholinesterase (blood) and acetylcholinesterase (brain), and dental structure were determined in adult female rats treated with a very high dose of sodium fluoride (500 ppm in drinking water) alone and in combination with calcium carbonate (50 mg/kg body weight by oral intubation) for 60 days.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
18236229 Dabisch PA, Davis EA, Renner JA, Jakubowski EM, Mioduszewski RJ, Thomson SA: Biomarkers of low-level exposure to soman vapor: comparison of fluoride regeneration to acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Inhal Toxicol. 2008 Jan;20(2):149-56.

4(0,0,0,4) Details