Protein Information

Name beta adrenergic receptor (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Beta adrenoceptor; Beta adrenoceptor; Beta adrenergic receptor; Beta adrenergic receptors; Beta adrenoceptor; Beta adrenoceptors; Beta adrenoceptors

Compound Information

Name sodium fluoride
CAS sodium fluoride (NaF)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8613009 Ma Z, Miyamoto A, Lee SS: Role of altered beta-adrenoceptor signal transduction in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in rats. Gastroenterology. 1996 Apr;110(4):1191-8.

Beta-Adrenoceptor signaling was evaluated by measuring adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate generation after stimulation with isoproterenol, sodium fluoride, and forskolin.
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8890832 Anzai T, Yoshikawa T, Baba A, Nishimura H, Shiraki H, Nagami K, Suzuki M, Wainai Y, Ogawa S: Myocardial sympathetic denervation prevents chamber-specific alteration of beta-adrenergic transmembrane signaling in rabbits with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996 Nov 1;28(5):1314-22.

The beta-adrenoceptor densities and isoproterenol plus 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate-, 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate- and sodium fluoride-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were decreased only in the failing left ventricle of the vehicle-pretreated aortic regurgitation group, but in both ventricles of the 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreated aortic regurgitation group.
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10100877 Persad S, Dhalla NS: Modification of beta-adrenoceptors and adenylyl cyclase in hearts perfused with hypochlorous acid. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998 Oct-Nov;76(10-11):961-6.

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9223590 Gando S, Hattori Y, Akaishi Y, Nishihira J, Kanno M: Impaired contractile response to beta adrenoceptor stimulation in diabetic rat hearts: alterations in beta adrenoceptors-G protein-adenylate cyclase system and phospholamban phosphorylation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jul;282(1):475-84.

The abilities of isoproterenol, sodium fluoride, 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate and forskolin to stimulate adenylate cyclase were preserved well in membranes prepared from diabetic hearts.
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11029293 Pei JM, Yu XC, Fung ML, Zhou JJ, Cheung CS, Wong NS, Leung MP, Wong TM: Impaired G (s) alpha and adenylyl cyclase cause beta-adrenoceptor desensitization in chronically hypoxic rat hearts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Nov;279(5):C1455-63.

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10072719 Persad S, Elimban V, Siddiqui F, Dhalla NS: Alterations in cardiac membrane beta-adrenoceptors and adenylyl cyclase due to hypochlorous acid. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999 Jan;31(1):101-11.

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9486243 Persad S, Rupp H, Jindal R, Arneja J, Dhalla NS: Modification of cardiac beta-adrenoceptor mechanisms by H2O2. Am J Physiol. 1998 Feb;274(2 Pt 2):H416-23.

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8987955 Wang FL, Dombrowski MP, Hurd WW: Cocaine and beta-adrenergic receptor function in pregnant myometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Dec;175(6):1651-3.

Membrane preparations were assayed for cyclic adenosine monophosphate production after exposure to isoproterenol, sodium fluoride, or forskolin in the presence and absence of either cocaine or benzoylecgonine, a major metabolite of cocaine.
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9066384 Chello M, Mastroroberto P, De Amicis V, Pantaleo D, Ascione R, Spampinato N: Intermittent warm blood cardioplegia preserves myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor function. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Mar;63(3):683-8.

Moreover, a significant decrease in adenylate cyclase activity during CPB was detected in this group after stimulation with sodium fluoride (p < 0.05), but this pattern was found to be completely reversed by 30 minutes after discontinuation of CPB.
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8739246 Kaura D, Takeda N, Sethi R, Wang X, Nagano M, Dhalla NS: Beta-adrenoceptor mediated signal transduction in congestive heart failure in cardiomyopathic (UM-X7.1) hamsters. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Apr 12-26;157(1-2):191-6.

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9070961 Uekita K, Tobise K, Onodera S: Enhancement of the cardiac beta-adrenergic system at an early diabetic state in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters. Jpn Circ J. 1997 Jan;61(1):64-73.

Cardiac norepinephrine content and beta-adrenergic receptor density significantly increased in short-term diabetics.
These changes preceded both the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the enhanced response of adenylyl cyclase to isoproterenol plus 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate [Gpp (NH) p], sodium fluoride, or forskolin stimulation.
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9152774 Nagami K, Yoshikawa T, Suzuki M, Wainai Y, Anzai T, Handa S: Abnormal beta-adrenergic transmembrane signaling in rabbits with adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy. Jpn Circ J. 1997 Mar;61(3):249-55.

Basal and isoproterenol-, sodium fluoride- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were lower in the adriamycin-treated group.
We investigated alterations in the beta-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system in rabbits with congestive heart failure induced by adriamycin cardiotoxicity.
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9212031 Sun LS, Du F, Quaegebeur JM: Right ventricular infundibular beta-adrenoceptor complex in tetralogy of Fallot patients. Pediatr Res. 1997 Jul;42(1):12-6.

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12544450 Girouard H, Chulak C, LeJossec M, Lamontagne D, de Champlain J: Chronic antioxidant treatment improves sympathetic functions and beta-adrenergic pathway in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 2003 Jan;21(1):179-88.

CONCLUSION: These results suggest that NAC and melatonin decreased the MAP and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol in SHRs, in association with an inhibition of sympathetic activity and the restoration of cardiac beta-adrenoceptor function.
Plasma concentrations of adrenaline, the isoproterenol-induced relaxation in mesenteric arteries, the total density and affinity of beta-adrenoceptors in the heart, and the adenylate cyclase reactivity of cardiac membranes to isoproterenol, forskolin, sodium fluoride and guanylylimidophosphate were not altered by the treatments.
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15242743 Zafalon N Jr, Bassani JW, Bassani RA: Cholinergic-adrenergic antagonism in the induction of tachyarrhythmia by electrical stimulation in isolated rat atria. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2004 Jul;37(1):127-35.


The antagonism between cholinergic muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation (the former facilitating and the latter inhibiting tachyarrhythmia installation) possibly involves regulation of the phosphorylation status of adenosine cyclic 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase substrates.
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9639057 Shibuya J, Ohyanagi M, Nakamura K, Yamamoto J, Iwasaki T: Stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein in failing heart of hamsters and rats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1998 May;77(1):23-9.

The maximal number of myocardial beta-adrenoceptors in the BIO 53.58 hamsters as well as in the ADR rats was significantly lower than that in the respective controls, indicating that the beta-adrenoceptors were down-regulated in heart failure.
The activity of adenylate cyclase in response to stimulation by sodium fluoride or forskolin was decreased in the BIO 53.58 hamsters relative to control animals, whereas no differences were observed in the ADR rats vs the controls.
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15201623 Sethi R, Wang X, Ferrari R, Dhalla NS: Improvement of cardiac function and beta-adrenergic signal transduction by propionyl L-carnitine in congestive heart failure due to myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis. 2004 Feb;15(1):65-71.

Because heart failure is also associated with attenuated response to catecholamines, we examined the effects of propionyl L-carnitine (PLC) (a carnitine derivative) therapy on the beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) signal transduction in the failing heart.
The stimulation of AC activities with isoproterenol, 5'-guanyl imidodiphosphate, forskolin and sodium fluoride was decreased in the failing hearts and these changes were also prevented by PLC treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9743395 Booth JV, Landolfo KP, Chesnut LC, Bennett-Guerrero E, Gerhardt MA, Atwell DM, El-Moalem HE, Smith MS, Funk BL, Kuhn CM, Kwatra MM, Schwinn DA: Acute depression of myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor signaling during cardiopulmonary bypass: impairment of the adenylyl cyclase moiety. Anesthesiology. 1998 Sep;89(3):602-11.

Plasma catecholamine concentrations, myocardial betaAR density, and functional responsiveness (basal, isoproterenol, zinterol, sodium fluoride, and manganese-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity) were assessed.
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11705775 Auman JT, Seidler FJ, Tate CA, Slotkin TA: Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated cell signaling in the neonatal heart and liver: responses to terbutaline. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):R1895-901.

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8989144 Li HT, Honbo NY, Karliner JS: Chronic hypoxia increases beta 1-adrenergic receptor mRNA and density but not signaling in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Circulation. 1996 Dec 15;94(12):3303-10.

BACKGROUND: It is well recognized that the beta-adrenergic receptor-adenylylcyclase system is altered during myocardial ischemia/hypoxia.
Adenylylcyclase activity stimulated by isoproterenol, sodium fluoride, guanyl-5'-imidodiphosphate, and forskolin in hypoxic membranes was not altered compared with normoxic controls.
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10441103 Akhter SA, Eckhart AD, Rockman HA, Shotwell K, Lefkowitz RJ, Koch WJ: In vivo inhibition of elevated myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor kinase activity in hybrid transgenic mice restores normal beta-adrenergic signaling and function. Circulation. 1999 Aug 10;100(6):648-53.


BACKGROUND: The clinical syndrome of heart failure (HF) is characterized by an impaired cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) system, which is critical in the regulation of myocardial function.
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11032978 Emamghoreishi M, Li PP, Schlichter L, Parikh SV, Cooke R, Warsh JJ: Associated disturbances in calcium homeostasis and G protein-mediated cAMP signaling in bipolar I disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Oct 1;48(7):665-73.

METHODS: To test this hypothesis, the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, and the G protein activator, sodium fluoride (NaF), were used to stimulate cAMP production in B lymphoblasts from healthy and BP-I subjects phenotyped on basal intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca (2+)](B)). cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay and [Ca (2+)](B) by ratiometric fluorometry with fura-2.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that trait-dependent disturbances in processes regulating beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity and G protein-mediated cAMP signaling occur in conjunction with altered Ca (2+) homeostasis in those BP-I patients with high B lymphoblast [Ca (2+)](B).
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10623486 Bramuglia GF, Rubio MC: Effects of clenbuterol treatment on the relaxant response in rat uterus. . Pharmacol Res. 2000 Feb;41(2):187-93.

Prolonged treatment with the beta (2)-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol (0.25 mg kg (-1) s.c. once daily for 10 days) produced a reduction of the relaxant response and cAMP production mediated by stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors in oestrogen-treated rat uterus.
Sodium fluoride also showed a relaxant response which was not affected by the treatment with clenbuterol.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9502768 Xiao RP, Tomhave ED, Wang DJ, Ji X, Boluyt MO, Cheng H, Lakatta EG, Koch WJ: Age-associated reductions in cardiac beta1- and beta2-adrenergic responses without changes in inhibitory G proteins or receptor kinases. J Clin Invest. 1998 Mar 15;101(6):1273-82.


While an age-associated diminution in myocardial contractile response to beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) stimulation has been widely demonstrated to occur in the context of increased levels of plasma catecholamines, some critical mechanisms that govern beta-AR signaling must still be examined in aged hearts.
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12552211 Lee TW, Grocott HP, Schwinn D, Jacobsohn E: High spinal anesthesia for cardiac surgery: effects on beta-adrenergic receptor function, stress response, and hemodynamics. Anesthesiology. 2003 Feb;98(2):499-510.

RESULTS: In patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times in excess of 1 h, the ITB group had significantly less atrial beta-receptor dysfunction, as measured by maximal isproteronol, 50% maximal isoproterenol, sodium fluoride-stimulated activity, and zinterol stimulation assays of adenylyl cyclase activity (P < or = 0.02) and beta-adrenergic receptor density (P = 0.02).
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9885886 Bernardin G, Strosberg AD, Bernard A, Mattei M, Marullo S: Beta-adrenergic receptor-dependent and -independent stimulation of adenylate cyclase is impaired during severe sepsis in humans. Intensive Care Med. 1998 Dec;24(12):1315-22.

We measured beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) number and affinity, and intracellular cAMP content at baseline and after the pharmacological stimulation of each component of the beta-adrenergic complex: betaAR with isoproterenol, Gs-protein with sodium fluoride (NaF), adenylate cyclase with forskolin.
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